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A Parsimonious Description of Global Functional Brain Organization in Three Spatiotemporal Patterns

Taylor Bolt, Jason S. Nomi, Danilo Bzdok, Catie Chang, View ORCID ProfileB.T. Thomas Yeo, View ORCID ProfileLucina Q. Uddin, Shella D. Keilholz
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.20.448984
Taylor Bolt
1Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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  • For correspondence: tsb46@miami.edu
Jason S. Nomi
2Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Danilo Bzdok
3McGill University & Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Catie Chang
4Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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B.T. Thomas Yeo
5National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Lucina Q. Uddin
2Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Shella D. Keilholz
1Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Summary

Resting-state functional MRI has yielded many, seemingly disparate insights into large-scale organization of the human brain. Representations of the brain’s large-scale organization can be divided into two broad categories - zero-lag representations of functional connectivity structure and time-lag representations of traveling wave or propagation structure. Here we sought to unify multiple observed phenomena in these two categories by applying concepts from the study of standing (zero-lag) and traveling (time-lag) waves. Using simulated data, we first described the behavior of zero-lag and time-lag analyses applied to spatiotemporal patterns with varying degrees of standing and traveling wave patterns. We then identified three low-frequency spatiotemporal patterns in empirical resting-state fMRI signals, composed of a mixture of standing and traveling wave dynamics, that describe both the zero-lag and time-lag structure of these signals. We showed that a wide range of previously observed empirical phenomena, including functional connectivity gradients, the task-positive/task-negative pattern, the global signal, time-lag propagation patterns, the quasiperiodic pattern, and the functional connectome network structure are manifestations of these three spatiotemporal patterns. These patterns account for much of the global spatial structure that underlies functional connectivity analyses, and therefore impact how we interpret everything derived from resting-state fMRI data from functional networks to graphs.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • Major revision

  • https://github.com/tsb46/BOLD_WAVES

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 25, 2022.
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A Parsimonious Description of Global Functional Brain Organization in Three Spatiotemporal Patterns
Taylor Bolt, Jason S. Nomi, Danilo Bzdok, Catie Chang, B.T. Thomas Yeo, Lucina Q. Uddin, Shella D. Keilholz
bioRxiv 2021.06.20.448984; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.20.448984
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A Parsimonious Description of Global Functional Brain Organization in Three Spatiotemporal Patterns
Taylor Bolt, Jason S. Nomi, Danilo Bzdok, Catie Chang, B.T. Thomas Yeo, Lucina Q. Uddin, Shella D. Keilholz
bioRxiv 2021.06.20.448984; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.20.448984

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