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Persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 Protein in CD16+ Monocytes in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) Up to 15 Months Post-Infection

Bruce K. Patterson, Edgar B. Francisco, Ram Yogendra, Emily Long, Amruta Pise, Hallison Rodrigues, Eric Hall, Monica Herrara, Purvi Parikh, Jose Guevara-Coto, Xaiolan Chang, Jonah B Sacha, Rodrigo A Mora-Rodríguez, Javier Mora
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.25.449905
Bruce K. Patterson
1IncellDx Inc, San Carlos, CA
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  • For correspondence: brucep@incelldx.com
Edgar B. Francisco
1IncellDx Inc, San Carlos, CA
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Ram Yogendra
2Lawrence General Hospital, Lawrence, MA
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Emily Long
1IncellDx Inc, San Carlos, CA
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Amruta Pise
1IncellDx Inc, San Carlos, CA
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Hallison Rodrigues
1IncellDx Inc, San Carlos, CA
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Eric Hall
3Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA
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Monica Herrara
3Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA
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Purvi Parikh
4NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
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Jose Guevara-Coto
5Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity, CIET / DC Lab, Faculty of Microbiology, Universidad de Costa Rica
6Department of Computer Science and Informatics (ECCI), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
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Xaiolan Chang
7Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Jonah B Sacha
7Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Rodrigo A Mora-Rodríguez
5Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity, CIET / DC Lab, Faculty of Microbiology, Universidad de Costa Rica
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Javier Mora
5Lab of Tumor Chemosensitivity, CIET / DC Lab, Faculty of Microbiology, Universidad de Costa Rica
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ABSTRACT

The recent COVID-19 pandemic is a treatment challenge in the acute infection stage but the recognition of chronic COVID-19 symptoms termed post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) may affect up to 30% of all infected individuals. The underlying mechanism and source of this distinct immunologic condition three months or more after initial infection remains elusive. Here, we investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein in 46 individuals. We analyzed T-cell, B-cell, and monocytic subsets in both severe COVID-19 patients and in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). The levels of both intermediate (CD14+, CD16+) and non-classical monocyte (CD14Lo, CD16+) were significantly elevated in PASC patients up to 15 months post-acute infection compared to healthy controls (P=0.002 and P=0.01, respectively). A statistically significant number of non-classical monocytes contained SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein in both severe (P=0.004) and PASC patients (P=0.02) out to 15 months post-infection. Non-classical monocytes were sorted from PASC patients using flow cytometric sorting and the SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Cells from 4 out of 11 severe COVID-19 patients and 1 out of 26 also contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Non-classical monocytes are capable of causing inflammation throughout the body in response to fractalkine/CX3CL1 and RANTES/CCR5.

Summary SARS CoV-2 S1 Protein in CD16+ Monocytes In PASC

Competing Interest Statement

B.K.P, A.P., H.R., E.L, and EBF. are employees of IncellDx

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted June 25, 2021.
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Persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 Protein in CD16+ Monocytes in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) Up to 15 Months Post-Infection
Bruce K. Patterson, Edgar B. Francisco, Ram Yogendra, Emily Long, Amruta Pise, Hallison Rodrigues, Eric Hall, Monica Herrara, Purvi Parikh, Jose Guevara-Coto, Xaiolan Chang, Jonah B Sacha, Rodrigo A Mora-Rodríguez, Javier Mora
bioRxiv 2021.06.25.449905; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.25.449905
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Persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 Protein in CD16+ Monocytes in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) Up to 15 Months Post-Infection
Bruce K. Patterson, Edgar B. Francisco, Ram Yogendra, Emily Long, Amruta Pise, Hallison Rodrigues, Eric Hall, Monica Herrara, Purvi Parikh, Jose Guevara-Coto, Xaiolan Chang, Jonah B Sacha, Rodrigo A Mora-Rodríguez, Javier Mora
bioRxiv 2021.06.25.449905; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.25.449905

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