Skip to main content
bioRxiv
  • Home
  • About
  • Submit
  • ALERTS / RSS
Advanced Search
New Results

Atrazine induced In vivo immunotoxicity in Bivalves

View ORCID ProfileA.N Muhammed Zafar Iqbal, M. Azhar Iqbal Navalgund
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.29.450311
A.N Muhammed Zafar Iqbal
1*Government First Grade College (Autonomous), Karwar, Karnataka, India
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for A.N Muhammed Zafar Iqbal
  • For correspondence: zafarin@gmail.com mziacademics@gmail.com
M. Azhar Iqbal Navalgund
2Government First Grade College, Mundargi, Karnataka, India
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Abstract
  • Full Text
  • Info/History
  • Metrics
  • Preview PDF
Loading

Abstract

Atrazine is ubiquitously used broad-spectrum herbicide to control the weeds in agriculture. The present study aimed to evaluate the acute toxicity and immunotoxicity of Atrazine in two ecologically and economically important bivalves. Acute toxicity of atrazine evaluated in triplicates by taking control and six experimental groups each comprising of 30 animals and treated with a range of atrazine from 2 PPM to 12 PPM for 96 hours. Mortalities were recorded for every 24 hours until 96 hours and data analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett T-test. The results indicated a significant increase in mortalities with increase in dose and time of exposure in both species. The values of LC50 were determined as 6.10 PPM and 4.90 PPM respectively for Perna viridis and Paphia malabarica. Furthermore, the immunotoxic potential of atrazine assessed by treating mussels and clams with the five sub-lethal doses of atrazine for 14 days and quantifying the viability of hemocytes by using simple yet reliable Tryphan blue exclusion assay. The results of the present study suggest atrazine-induced immunotoxicity by decreasing the number of viable hemocytes in bivalves. Hemocytes with phagocytic function are indispensable to confer innate immunity in bivalves, decreased viability of these cells leads to compromised immunity. This study is first of its kind to implicate atrazine with the immunotoxicity in bivalves.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • In this revision rephrasing of title and text is done. Author name spell correction is also done

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
Back to top
PreviousNext
Posted July 09, 2021.
Download PDF
Email

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about bioRxiv.

NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Atrazine induced In vivo immunotoxicity in Bivalves
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from bioRxiv
(Your Name) thought you would like to see this page from the bioRxiv website.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Share
Atrazine induced In vivo immunotoxicity in Bivalves
A.N Muhammed Zafar Iqbal, M. Azhar Iqbal Navalgund
bioRxiv 2021.06.29.450311; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.29.450311
Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo LinkedIn logo Mendeley logo
Citation Tools
Atrazine induced In vivo immunotoxicity in Bivalves
A.N Muhammed Zafar Iqbal, M. Azhar Iqbal Navalgund
bioRxiv 2021.06.29.450311; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.29.450311

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Subject Area

  • Pharmacology and Toxicology
Subject Areas
All Articles
  • Animal Behavior and Cognition (4383)
  • Biochemistry (9601)
  • Bioengineering (7097)
  • Bioinformatics (24868)
  • Biophysics (12621)
  • Cancer Biology (9959)
  • Cell Biology (14358)
  • Clinical Trials (138)
  • Developmental Biology (7954)
  • Ecology (12110)
  • Epidemiology (2067)
  • Evolutionary Biology (15989)
  • Genetics (10929)
  • Genomics (14745)
  • Immunology (9871)
  • Microbiology (23680)
  • Molecular Biology (9486)
  • Neuroscience (50884)
  • Paleontology (369)
  • Pathology (1540)
  • Pharmacology and Toxicology (2683)
  • Physiology (4019)
  • Plant Biology (8657)
  • Scientific Communication and Education (1510)
  • Synthetic Biology (2397)
  • Systems Biology (6439)
  • Zoology (1346)