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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Response Inhibition: Meta-analysis of the Stop-Signal Task

View ORCID ProfileKendall Mar, Parker Townes, View ORCID ProfilePetros Pechlivanoglou, View ORCID ProfilePaul Arnold, View ORCID ProfileRussell Schachar
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.16.452538
Kendall Mar
aHospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto
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Parker Townes
bMatheson Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary
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Petros Pechlivanoglou
aHospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto
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Paul Arnold
aHospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto
bMatheson Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary
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Russell Schachar
aHospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto
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  • For correspondence: russell.schachar@sickkids.ca
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Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis updates evidence pertaining to deficient response inhibition in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as measured by the stop-signal task (SST). We conducted a meta-analysis of the literature to compare response inhibition in patients with OCD and healthy controls, meta-regressions to determine relative influences of age and sex on response inhibition impairment, and a risk of bias assessment for included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), which estimates the latency of the stopping process deficit, was significantly longer in OCD samples than in controls, reflecting inferior inhibitory control (Raw mean difference = 23.43ms; p = <0.001; 95% CI = [17.42, 29.45]). We did not observe differences in mean reaction time (MRT) in OCD compared to controls (Raw mean difference = 2.51ms; p = 0.755; 95% CI = [−13.27, 18.30]). Age impacted effect size of SSRT, indicating a greater deficit in older patients than younger ones. We did not observe a significant effect of sex on SSRT or MRT scores.

General Scientific Summary Difficulty inhibiting responses is an hypothesized deficit in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using the Stop Signal Task support the notion of deficient response inhibition in OCD and indicate that older individuals with OCD show greater impairments than younger ones.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • Author Note, Kendall Mar is now at the University of Toronto, Department of Psychology.

    All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. The authors wish to thank Quenby Mahood for assistance in the literature search strategy. The manuscript has been pre-registered online prior to peer review through PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=212770).

  • The results of this manuscript represent original work that has not been previously disseminated. This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [R.J.S., MOP□93696 and P.D.A., MOP□106573], the TD Bank Financial Group Chair in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (R.J.S.), and the Alberta Innovates Translational Health Chair in Child and Youth Mental Health (P.D.A.).

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted July 16, 2021.
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Response Inhibition: Meta-analysis of the Stop-Signal Task
Kendall Mar, Parker Townes, Petros Pechlivanoglou, Paul Arnold, Russell Schachar
bioRxiv 2021.07.16.452538; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.16.452538
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Response Inhibition: Meta-analysis of the Stop-Signal Task
Kendall Mar, Parker Townes, Petros Pechlivanoglou, Paul Arnold, Russell Schachar
bioRxiv 2021.07.16.452538; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.16.452538

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