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Tillage intensity and plant rhizosphere selection shape bacterial-archaeal assemblage diversity and nitrogen cycling genes

View ORCID ProfileMara L. C. Cloutier, Tiffanie Alcaide, View ORCID ProfileSjoerd W. Duiker, View ORCID ProfileMary Ann Bruns
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.16.452714
Mara L. C. Cloutier
1Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University
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  • For correspondence: mcashay@gmail.com
Tiffanie Alcaide
2Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University
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Sjoerd W. Duiker
3Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University
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Mary Ann Bruns
4Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University
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Abstract

In agriculture, adoption of reduced tillage practices is a widespread adaptation to global change. The cessation of plowing reduces erosion, slows soil organic matter oxidation, and promotes soil carbon accrual, but it can also result in the development of potential N2O spots from denitrification activity. In this study, we hypothesized that 16S rRNA-based composition of bacterial-archaeal assemblages would differ in agricultural soils subjected for forty years to a range of disturbance intensities, with annual moldboard plowing (MP) being the most intensive. No-till planting (NT) represented tillage management with the least amount of disturbance, while chisel-disking (CD), a type of conservation tillage, was intermediate. All long-term tillage plots had been planted with the same crops grown in a three-year crop rotation (corn-soybean-small grain+cover crop), and both bulk and rhizosphere soils were analyzed from the corn and soybean years. We also evaluated denitrification gene markers by quantitative PCR at multiple points (three growth stages of corn and soybean). Tillage intensity, soil compartment (bulk or rhizosphere), crop year, growth stage, and interactions all exerted effects on community diversity and composition. Compared to MP and CD, NT soils had lower abundances of denitrification genes, higher abundances of nitrate ammonification genes, and higher abundances of taxa at the family level associated with the inorganic N cycle processes of archaeal nitrification and anammox. Soybean rhizospheres exerted stronger selection on community composition and diversity relative to corn rhizospheres. Interactions between crop year, management, and soil compartment had differential impacts on N gene abundances related to denitrification and nitrate ammonification. Opportunities for managing hot spots or hot moments for N losses from agricultural soils may be discernible through improved understanding of tillage intensity effects, although weather and crop type are also important factors influencing how tillage influences microbial assemblages and N use.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • https://github.com/maracashay/Tillage-16SrRNA-MiSeq

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted July 17, 2021.
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Tillage intensity and plant rhizosphere selection shape bacterial-archaeal assemblage diversity and nitrogen cycling genes
Mara L. C. Cloutier, Tiffanie Alcaide, Sjoerd W. Duiker, Mary Ann Bruns
bioRxiv 2021.07.16.452714; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.16.452714
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Tillage intensity and plant rhizosphere selection shape bacterial-archaeal assemblage diversity and nitrogen cycling genes
Mara L. C. Cloutier, Tiffanie Alcaide, Sjoerd W. Duiker, Mary Ann Bruns
bioRxiv 2021.07.16.452714; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.16.452714

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