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The cold-drought tolerance trade-off in temperate woody plants constrains range size, but not range filling

View ORCID ProfileGiacomo Puglielli, View ORCID ProfileEnrico Tordoni, View ORCID ProfileAelys M. Humphreys, View ORCID ProfileJesse M. Kalwij, Michael J. Hutchings, View ORCID ProfileLauri Laanisto
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.24.453622
Giacomo Puglielli
1Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
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  • For correspondence: Giacomo.Puglielli@emu.ee
Enrico Tordoni
2Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
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Aelys M. Humphreys
3Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
4Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Jesse M. Kalwij
5Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
6Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
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Michael J. Hutchings
7School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
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Lauri Laanisto
1Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51006, Estonia
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Abstract

Interspecific differences in plant species′ ranges are shaped by complex mechanistic interactions, which have so far remained largely beyond the reach of comprehensive models and explanations. Previous attempts to find underlying mechanisms by examining physiological tolerances to cold and heat separately have yielded contradictory results. Here we test the hypothesis that, instead of examining single stressors, abiotic stress tolerance syndromes that involve trade-offs between multiple abiotic stressors (namely drought, cold, waterlogging and shade), will provide reliable explanations.

We compiled a dataset of actual range size and range filling (the ratio between actual and potential species range) as range metrics for 331 temperate woody plants species from Europe and North America. Tolerance syndromes were expressed as two PCA axes. One axis reflects a drought-cold/waterlogging tolerance trade-off (cold/wet-drought trade-off), the second axis represents a shade tolerance spectrum. Phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models were used to model the range metric-tolerance axes relationships using latitude as an additional main effect, and phylogeny and plant functional type as random effects.

Actual range scaled negatively with the cold/wet-drought tolerance trade-off axis, mostly independently of latitude and continent. Thus, cold/wet-tolerant species had the largest ranges and drought tolerant species the smallest. The sign (−) of the relationship was independent of phylogeny and plant functional type. In contrast, range filling depended on latitude. However, deciduous and evergreen species displayed different distributions of range metrics and tolerance syndromes. No significant relationships with the shade tolerance spectrum were found.

Our findings demonstrate that the cold/wet-drought trade-off partly explains interspecific range size differences. However, this trade-off did not explain range filling. We also showed that fundamental adaptations of species also significantly influence range sizes – stress avoidance through the deciduous habit also explained interspecific differences in range size.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted July 25, 2021.
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The cold-drought tolerance trade-off in temperate woody plants constrains range size, but not range filling
Giacomo Puglielli, Enrico Tordoni, Aelys M. Humphreys, Jesse M. Kalwij, Michael J. Hutchings, Lauri Laanisto
bioRxiv 2021.07.24.453622; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.24.453622
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The cold-drought tolerance trade-off in temperate woody plants constrains range size, but not range filling
Giacomo Puglielli, Enrico Tordoni, Aelys M. Humphreys, Jesse M. Kalwij, Michael J. Hutchings, Lauri Laanisto
bioRxiv 2021.07.24.453622; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.24.453622

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