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Cognitive process modeling addresses context independence violations in the ABCD Study stop-signal task

View ORCID ProfileAlexander Weigard, Dora Matzke, Charlotte Tanis, Andrew Heathcote
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.26.453872
Alexander Weigard
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
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  • For correspondence: asweigar@med.umich.edu
Dora Matzke
2Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam
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Charlotte Tanis
2Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam
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Andrew Heathcote
2Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam
3School of Psychology, the University of Newcastle, Australia
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Abstract

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study is a longitudinal neuroimaging study of unprecedented scale that is in the process of following over 11,000 youth from middle childhood though age 20. However, a design feature of the study’s stop-signal task violates “context independence”, an assumption critical to current non-parametric methods for estimating stop-signal reaction time (SSRT), a key measure of inhibitory ability in the study. This has led some experts to call for the task to be changed and for previously collected data to be used with caution. We present a formal cognitive process model, the BEESTS-ABCD model, that provides a mechanistic explanation for the impact of this design feature, describes key behavioral trends in the ABCD data, and allows biases in SSRT estimates resulting from context independence violations to be quantified. We use the model to demonstrate that, although non-parametric SSRT estimates generally preserve the rank ordering of participants’ SSRT values, failing to account for context independence violations can lead to erroneous inferences in several realistic scenarios. Nonetheless, as the BEESTS-ABCD model can be used to accurately recover estimates of SSRT and other mechanistic parameters of interest from ABCD data, the impact of such violations can be effectively mitigated.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • https://osf.io/2h8a7/

  • https://nda.nih.gov/abcd

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted July 27, 2021.
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Cognitive process modeling addresses context independence violations in the ABCD Study stop-signal task
Alexander Weigard, Dora Matzke, Charlotte Tanis, Andrew Heathcote
bioRxiv 2021.07.26.453872; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.26.453872
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Cognitive process modeling addresses context independence violations in the ABCD Study stop-signal task
Alexander Weigard, Dora Matzke, Charlotte Tanis, Andrew Heathcote
bioRxiv 2021.07.26.453872; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.26.453872

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