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Human brain anatomy reflects separable genetic and environmental components of socioeconomic status

Hyeokmoon Kweon, Gökhan Aydogan, Alain Dagher, Danilo Bzdok, Christian C. Ruff, Gideon Nave, Martha J. Farah, Philipp D. Koellinger
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.28.454131
Hyeokmoon Kweon
1Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Gökhan Aydogan
2Zürich Center for Neuroeconomics (ZNE), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
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Alain Dagher
3McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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Danilo Bzdok
3McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
5School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
6Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, QC H2S 3H1, Canada
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Christian C. Ruff
2Zürich Center for Neuroeconomics (ZNE), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
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Gideon Nave
7Marketing Department, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Martha J. Farah
8Center for Neuroscience & Society, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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  • For correspondence: mfarah@upenn.edu koellinger@wisc.edu
Philipp D. Koellinger
1Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
9La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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  • For correspondence: mfarah@upenn.edu koellinger@wisc.edu
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Abstract

Recent studies report that socioeconomic status (SES) correlates with brain structure. Yet, such findings are variable and little is known about underlying causes. We present a well-powered voxel-based analysis of grey matter volume (GMV) across levels of SES, finding many small SES effects widely distributed across the brain, including cortical, subcortical and cerebellar regions. We also construct a polygenic index of SES to control for the additive effects of common genetic variation related to SES, which attenuates observed SES-GMV relations, to different degrees in different areas. Remaining variance, which may be attributable to environmental factors, is substantially accounted for by body mass index, a marker for lifestyle related to SES. In sum, SES affects multiple brain regions through measurable genetic and environmental effects.

One-sentence Summary Socioeconomic status is linked with brain anatomy through a varying balance of genetic and environmental influences.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted July 29, 2021.
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Human brain anatomy reflects separable genetic and environmental components of socioeconomic status
Hyeokmoon Kweon, Gökhan Aydogan, Alain Dagher, Danilo Bzdok, Christian C. Ruff, Gideon Nave, Martha J. Farah, Philipp D. Koellinger
bioRxiv 2021.07.28.454131; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.28.454131
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Human brain anatomy reflects separable genetic and environmental components of socioeconomic status
Hyeokmoon Kweon, Gökhan Aydogan, Alain Dagher, Danilo Bzdok, Christian C. Ruff, Gideon Nave, Martha J. Farah, Philipp D. Koellinger
bioRxiv 2021.07.28.454131; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.28.454131

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