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Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the occipital cortex interferes with foot movements in blind individuals

View ORCID ProfileTsuyoshi Ikegami, Masaya Hirashima, Eiichi Naito, Satoshi Hirose
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.03.454870
Tsuyoshi Ikegami
1Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 1-4, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
2Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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  • For correspondence: ikegami244@gmail.com
Masaya Hirashima
1Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 1-4, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
2Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Eiichi Naito
1Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 1-4, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
2Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Satoshi Hirose
1Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 1-4, Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
3Otemon Gakuin University, Faculty of Psychology, 2-1-15, Nishiai, Ibaraki City, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract

Research in blind individuals has shown that after visual loss, the occipital cortex can be reorganized and repurposed for nonvisual perception and cognitive functions. However, no studies have directly examined the involvement of the visual cortex in motor function. Here, we show that a rhythmic foot movement performed by blind individuals can be disrupted by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to their primary and secondary visual cortex (V1/V2). This disruptive effect of TMS was absent for sighted participants. Our result suggests that the visual cortex of blind individuals is involved in sensorimotor control. This is the first experimental evidence that functional repurposing of the human visual cortex is not be restricted to perception and cognitive functions, but also extends to motor function.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • Some corrections were made to the text in the abstract, results, discussion, and methods.

  • https://github.com/ikegami244/Blind-TMS

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 01, 2022.
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the occipital cortex interferes with foot movements in blind individuals
Tsuyoshi Ikegami, Masaya Hirashima, Eiichi Naito, Satoshi Hirose
bioRxiv 2021.08.03.454870; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.03.454870
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the occipital cortex interferes with foot movements in blind individuals
Tsuyoshi Ikegami, Masaya Hirashima, Eiichi Naito, Satoshi Hirose
bioRxiv 2021.08.03.454870; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.03.454870

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