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Regeneration of the larval sea star nervous system by wounding induced respecification to the sox2 lineage

Minyan Zheng, Olga Zueva, View ORCID ProfileVeronica F. Hinman
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.07.455526
Minyan Zheng
Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh. PA. 15213 USA
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Olga Zueva
Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh. PA. 15213 USA
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Veronica F. Hinman
Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh. PA. 15213 USA
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  • ORCID record for Veronica F. Hinman
  • For correspondence: veronica@cmu.edu
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Abstract

The ability to restore lost body parts following traumatic injury is a fascinating area of biology that challenges current understanding of the ontogeny of differentiation. The origin of new cells needed to regenerate lost tissue, and whether they are pluripotent stem cells, tissue-specific stem cells or have de- or trans- differentiated, remains one of the most important open questions in regeneration. Additionally, it is not clearly known whether developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are reused to direct specification in these cells or whether regeneration specific networks are deployed. Echinoderms, including sea stars, have extensive ability for regeneration and have therefore been the subject of many thorough studies on the ultrastructural and molecular properties of cells needed for regeneration. However, the technologies for obtaining transgenic echinoderms are limited and tracking cells involved in regeneration, and thus identifying the cellular sources and potencies has proven challenging. In this study we develop new transgenic tools for cell tracking in the regenerating bipinnaria larva of the sea star Patira minaita. We show that the larval serotonergic nervous system can regenerate following decapitation. Using a BAC-transgenesis approach with photoconvertible fluorescent proteins, we show that expression of the pan ectodermal marker, sox2, is induced in previously sox2 minus cells at the wound site, even when cell division is inhibited. sox2+ cells give rise to new sox4+ neural precursors that then proceed along an embryonic neurogenesis pathway to reform the anterior nervous systems. sox2+ cells contribute to only neural and ectoderm lineages, indicating that these progenitors maintain their normal, embryonic lineage restriction. This indicates that sea star larval regeneration uses a combination of existing lineage restricted stem cells, as well as respecification of cells into neural lineages, and at least partial reuse of developmental GRNs to regenerate their nervous system.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted August 08, 2021.
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Regeneration of the larval sea star nervous system by wounding induced respecification to the sox2 lineage
Minyan Zheng, Olga Zueva, Veronica F. Hinman
bioRxiv 2021.08.07.455526; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.07.455526
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Regeneration of the larval sea star nervous system by wounding induced respecification to the sox2 lineage
Minyan Zheng, Olga Zueva, Veronica F. Hinman
bioRxiv 2021.08.07.455526; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.07.455526

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