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Reservoir host studies of Lloviu virus: first isolation, sequencing and serology in Schreiber’s bats in Europe

View ORCID ProfileGábor Kemenesi, Gábor Endre Tóth, View ORCID ProfileMartin Mayora-Neto, View ORCID ProfileSimon Scott, View ORCID ProfileNigel Temperton, View ORCID ProfileEdward Wright, View ORCID ProfileElke Mühlberger, View ORCID ProfileAdam J. Hume, View ORCID ProfileBrigitta Zana, Sándor András Boldogh, View ORCID ProfileTamás Görföl, View ORCID ProfilePéter Estók, View ORCID ProfileZsófia Lanszki, View ORCID ProfileBalázs A. Somogyi, Ágnes Nagy, Csaba István Pereszlényi, Gábor Dudás, View ORCID ProfileFanni Földes, View ORCID ProfileKornélia Kurucz, Mónika Madai, Safia Zeghbib, View ORCID ProfilePiet Maes, View ORCID ProfileBert Vanmechelen, View ORCID ProfileFerenc Jakab
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.10.455806
Gábor Kemenesi
1National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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  • For correspondence: kemenesi.gabor@gmail.com
Gábor Endre Tóth
1National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Martin Mayora-Neto
2Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
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Simon Scott
2Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
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Nigel Temperton
2Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, Universities of Kent & Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
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Edward Wright
3Viral Pseudotype Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Sussex, BN1 9RH, UK
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Elke Mühlberger
4Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Adam J. Hume
4Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Brigitta Zana
1National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Sándor András Boldogh
5Aggtelek National Park Directorate, Tengerszem oldal 1., Jósvafő, H-3758, Hungary
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Tamás Görföl
1National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Péter Estók
6Department of Zoology, Eszterházy Károly University, Eszterházy tér 1., Eger, H-3300, Hungary
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Zsófia Lanszki
1National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Balázs A. Somogyi
1National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Ágnes Nagy
7Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Róbert Károly Krt. 44., Budapest, H-1134, Hungary
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Csaba István Pereszlényi
7Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Róbert Károly Krt. 44., Budapest, H-1134, Hungary
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Gábor Dudás
7Medical Centre, Hungarian Defence Forces, Róbert Károly Krt. 44., Budapest, H-1134, Hungary
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Fanni Földes
1National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Kornélia Kurucz
1National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Mónika Madai
1National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Safia Zeghbib
1National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Piet Maes
8KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
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Bert Vanmechelen
8KU Leuven, Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
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Ferenc Jakab
1National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Pécs, H-7624, Hungary
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Introductory

Filoviruses are prime examples of emerging human pathogens that are transmitted to humans by zoonotic spillover events. Since their initial discovery, filovirus outbreaks have occured with increasing frequency and intensity. There is an urgent need to better understand their enzootic ecology and pathogenic potential, given recent zoonotic virus spillover events including the 2013-2016 West African Ebola virus (EBOV) epidemic. Several novel filoviruses have been discovered with a markedly wider geographic distribution than previously described. One of these novel filoviruses, Lloviu virus (LLOV), was first identified in 2002 in Schreiber’s bats (Miniopterus schreibersii) in Spain, Portugal, and southern France. Subsequently, in 2016, LLOV was detected during the passive monitoring of bats in Hungary.

Here we report the first isolation of infectious Lloviu virus; from the blood of an asymptomatic Schreiber’s bat, subsequently cultivated in the Miniopterus sp. kidney cell line SuBK12-08. We also show that LLOV is able to infect monkey and human cells, suggesting that LLOV might have spillover potential. We performed a multi-year surveillance of LLOV and detected LLOV RNA in both deceased and asymptomatic live animals as well as in coupled ectoparasites from the families Nycteribiidae and Ixodidae. We present data on the natural infection and seropositivity of Schreiber’s bats and provide novel LLOV genomic sequence information from a bat host and an arthropod parasite. Our data support the role of bats, specifically Miniopterus schreibersii as natural reservoirs for the LLOV filovirus in Europe. We also suggest that bat-associated parasites might play a role in the natural ecology of filoviruses in temperate climate regions compared to filoviruses in the tropics. These results raise the possibility of cross-species transmission events via bat-human interactions.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Reservoir host studies of Lloviu virus: first isolation, sequencing and serology in Schreiber’s bats in Europe
Gábor Kemenesi, Gábor Endre Tóth, Martin Mayora-Neto, Simon Scott, Nigel Temperton, Edward Wright, Elke Mühlberger, Adam J. Hume, Brigitta Zana, Sándor András Boldogh, Tamás Görföl, Péter Estók, Zsófia Lanszki, Balázs A. Somogyi, Ágnes Nagy, Csaba István Pereszlényi, Gábor Dudás, Fanni Földes, Kornélia Kurucz, Mónika Madai, Safia Zeghbib, Piet Maes, Bert Vanmechelen, Ferenc Jakab
bioRxiv 2021.08.10.455806; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.10.455806
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Reservoir host studies of Lloviu virus: first isolation, sequencing and serology in Schreiber’s bats in Europe
Gábor Kemenesi, Gábor Endre Tóth, Martin Mayora-Neto, Simon Scott, Nigel Temperton, Edward Wright, Elke Mühlberger, Adam J. Hume, Brigitta Zana, Sándor András Boldogh, Tamás Görföl, Péter Estók, Zsófia Lanszki, Balázs A. Somogyi, Ágnes Nagy, Csaba István Pereszlényi, Gábor Dudás, Fanni Földes, Kornélia Kurucz, Mónika Madai, Safia Zeghbib, Piet Maes, Bert Vanmechelen, Ferenc Jakab
bioRxiv 2021.08.10.455806; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.10.455806

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