Skip to main content
bioRxiv
  • Home
  • About
  • Submit
  • ALERTS / RSS
Advanced Search
New Results

Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Beta Variant in mRNA-1273 Boosted Nonhuman Primates

Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Matthew Gagne, Danielle A. Wagner, Sarah O’ Connell, Sandeep R. Narpala, Dillon R. Flebbe, Shayne F. Andrew, Rachel L. Davis, Barbara Flynn, Timothy S. Johnston, Christopher Stringham, Lilin Lai, Daniel Valentin, Alex Van Ry, Zackery Flinchbaugh, Anne P. Werner, Juan I. Moliva, Manjari Sriparna, Sijy O’Dell, Stephen D. Schmidt, Courtney Tucker, Angela Choi, Matthew Koch, Kevin W. Bock, Mahnaz Minai, Bianca M. Nagata, Gabriela S. Alvarado, Amy R. Henry, Farida Laboune, Chaim A. Schramm, Yi Zhang, Lingshu Wang, Misook Choe, Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum, Wei Shi, Evan Lamb, Saule T. Nurmukhambetova, Samantha J. Provost, Mitzi M. Donaldson, Josue Marquez, John-Paul M. Todd, Anthony Cook, Alan Dodson, View ORCID ProfileAndrew Pekosz, Eli Boritz, Aurélie Ploquin, Nicole Doria-Rose, Laurent Pessaint, Hanne Andersen, Kathryn E. Foulds, John Misasi, Kai Wu, Andrea Carfi, Martha C. Nason, John Mascola, Ian N. Moore, Darin K. Edwards, Mark G. Lewis, View ORCID ProfileMehul S. Suthar, Mario Roederer, Adrian McDermott, Daniel C. Douek, Nancy J. Sullivan, View ORCID ProfileBarney S. Graham, Robert A. Seder
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.11.456015
Kizzmekia S. Corbett
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
8Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Boston, Massachusetts, 02115; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Matthew Gagne
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Danielle A. Wagner
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Sarah O’ Connell
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Sandeep R. Narpala
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Dillon R. Flebbe
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Shayne F. Andrew
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Rachel L. Davis
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Barbara Flynn
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Timothy S. Johnston
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Christopher Stringham
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
9Duke University School of Medicine; Medical Sciences Program; Durham, North Carolina, 27705; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Lilin Lai
2Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Daniel Valentin
3Bioqual, Inc.; Rockville, Maryland, 20850; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Alex Van Ry
3Bioqual, Inc.; Rockville, Maryland, 20850; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Zackery Flinchbaugh
3Bioqual, Inc.; Rockville, Maryland, 20850; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Anne P. Werner
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Juan I. Moliva
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Manjari Sriparna
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
10Medical College of Virginia; Richmond, Virginia, 23223; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Sijy O’Dell
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Stephen D. Schmidt
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Courtney Tucker
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Angela Choi
4Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Matthew Koch
4Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kevin W. Bock
5Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mahnaz Minai
5Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Bianca M. Nagata
5Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Gabriela S. Alvarado
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Amy R. Henry
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Farida Laboune
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Chaim A. Schramm
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Yi Zhang
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Lingshu Wang
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Misook Choe
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Wei Shi
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Evan Lamb
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Saule T. Nurmukhambetova
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Samantha J. Provost
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mitzi M. Donaldson
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Josue Marquez
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
John-Paul M. Todd
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Anthony Cook
3Bioqual, Inc.; Rockville, Maryland, 20850; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Alan Dodson
3Bioqual, Inc.; Rockville, Maryland, 20850; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Andrew Pekosz
6Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Andrew Pekosz
Eli Boritz
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Aurélie Ploquin
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Nicole Doria-Rose
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Laurent Pessaint
3Bioqual, Inc.; Rockville, Maryland, 20850; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Hanne Andersen
3Bioqual, Inc.; Rockville, Maryland, 20850; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kathryn E. Foulds
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
John Misasi
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kai Wu
4Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Andrea Carfi
4Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Martha C. Nason
7Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
John Mascola
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ian N. Moore
5Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Darin K. Edwards
4Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mark G. Lewis
3Bioqual, Inc.; Rockville, Maryland, 20850; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Mehul S. Suthar
2Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Mehul S. Suthar
Mario Roederer
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Adrian McDermott
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Daniel C. Douek
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Nancy J. Sullivan
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Barney S. Graham
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Barney S. Graham
  • For correspondence: rseder@mail.nih.gov bgraham@nih.gov
Robert A. Seder
1Vaccine Research Center; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland, 20892; United States of America
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: rseder@mail.nih.gov bgraham@nih.gov
  • Abstract
  • Full Text
  • Info/History
  • Metrics
  • Supplementary material
  • Preview PDF
Loading

ABSTRACT

Neutralizing antibody responses gradually wane after vaccination with mRNA-1273 against several variants of concern (VOC), and additional boost vaccinations may be required to sustain immunity and protection. Here, we evaluated the immune responses in nonhuman primates that received 100 µg of mRNA-1273 vaccine at 0 and 4 weeks and were boosted at week 29 with mRNA-1273 (homologous) or mRNA-1273.β (heterologous), which encompasses the spike sequence of the B.1.351 (beta or β) variant. Reciprocal ID50 pseudovirus neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMT) against live SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the β variant, were 4700 and 765, respectively, at week 6, the peak of primary response, and 644 and 553, respectively, at a 5-month post-vaccination memory time point. Two weeks following homologous or heterologous boost β-specific reciprocal ID50 GMT were 5000 and 3000, respectively. At week 38, animals were challenged in the upper and lower airway with the β variant. Two days post-challenge, viral replication was low to undetectable in both BAL and nasal swabs in most of the boosted animals. These data show that boosting with the homologous mRNA-1273 vaccine six months after primary immunization provides up to a 20-fold increase in neutralizing antibody responses across all VOC, which may be required to sustain high-level protection against severe disease, especially for at-risk populations.

One-sentence summary mRNA-1273 boosted nonhuman primates have increased immune responses and are protected against SARS-CoV-2 beta infection.

Competing Interest Statement

K.S.C. and B.S.G. are inventors on U.S. Patent No. 10,960,070 B2 and International Patent Application No. WO/2018/081318 entitled Prefusion Coronavirus Spike Proteins and Their Use. K.S.C. and B.S.G. are inventors on US Patent Application No. 62/972,886 entitled 2019-nCoV Vaccine. J.M., L.W., C.A.S., J.R.M, D.D, N.J.S., A.R.H., W.S., Y.Z. and M.R. are inventors on US patent application No. 63/147,419 entitled Antibodies Targeting the Spike Protein of Coronaviruses. D.V., A.V.R., Z.F., A.C., L.P., H.A., and M.G.L. are employees of Bioqual. K.S.C, B.S.G, L.W., W.S., and Y.Z. are inventors on multiple US Patent Applications entitled Anti-Coronavirus Antibodies and Methods of Use. A.C., M.K., A.C., and D.K.E. are employees of Moderna. M.S.S. serves on the scientific board of advisors for Moderna.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
Back to top
PreviousNext
Posted August 12, 2021.
Download PDF

Supplementary Material

Email

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about bioRxiv.

NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Beta Variant in mRNA-1273 Boosted Nonhuman Primates
(Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from bioRxiv
(Your Name) thought you would like to see this page from the bioRxiv website.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Share
Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Beta Variant in mRNA-1273 Boosted Nonhuman Primates
Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Matthew Gagne, Danielle A. Wagner, Sarah O’ Connell, Sandeep R. Narpala, Dillon R. Flebbe, Shayne F. Andrew, Rachel L. Davis, Barbara Flynn, Timothy S. Johnston, Christopher Stringham, Lilin Lai, Daniel Valentin, Alex Van Ry, Zackery Flinchbaugh, Anne P. Werner, Juan I. Moliva, Manjari Sriparna, Sijy O’Dell, Stephen D. Schmidt, Courtney Tucker, Angela Choi, Matthew Koch, Kevin W. Bock, Mahnaz Minai, Bianca M. Nagata, Gabriela S. Alvarado, Amy R. Henry, Farida Laboune, Chaim A. Schramm, Yi Zhang, Lingshu Wang, Misook Choe, Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum, Wei Shi, Evan Lamb, Saule T. Nurmukhambetova, Samantha J. Provost, Mitzi M. Donaldson, Josue Marquez, John-Paul M. Todd, Anthony Cook, Alan Dodson, Andrew Pekosz, Eli Boritz, Aurélie Ploquin, Nicole Doria-Rose, Laurent Pessaint, Hanne Andersen, Kathryn E. Foulds, John Misasi, Kai Wu, Andrea Carfi, Martha C. Nason, John Mascola, Ian N. Moore, Darin K. Edwards, Mark G. Lewis, Mehul S. Suthar, Mario Roederer, Adrian McDermott, Daniel C. Douek, Nancy J. Sullivan, Barney S. Graham, Robert A. Seder
bioRxiv 2021.08.11.456015; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.11.456015
Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Google logo LinkedIn logo Mendeley logo
Citation Tools
Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Beta Variant in mRNA-1273 Boosted Nonhuman Primates
Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Matthew Gagne, Danielle A. Wagner, Sarah O’ Connell, Sandeep R. Narpala, Dillon R. Flebbe, Shayne F. Andrew, Rachel L. Davis, Barbara Flynn, Timothy S. Johnston, Christopher Stringham, Lilin Lai, Daniel Valentin, Alex Van Ry, Zackery Flinchbaugh, Anne P. Werner, Juan I. Moliva, Manjari Sriparna, Sijy O’Dell, Stephen D. Schmidt, Courtney Tucker, Angela Choi, Matthew Koch, Kevin W. Bock, Mahnaz Minai, Bianca M. Nagata, Gabriela S. Alvarado, Amy R. Henry, Farida Laboune, Chaim A. Schramm, Yi Zhang, Lingshu Wang, Misook Choe, Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum, Wei Shi, Evan Lamb, Saule T. Nurmukhambetova, Samantha J. Provost, Mitzi M. Donaldson, Josue Marquez, John-Paul M. Todd, Anthony Cook, Alan Dodson, Andrew Pekosz, Eli Boritz, Aurélie Ploquin, Nicole Doria-Rose, Laurent Pessaint, Hanne Andersen, Kathryn E. Foulds, John Misasi, Kai Wu, Andrea Carfi, Martha C. Nason, John Mascola, Ian N. Moore, Darin K. Edwards, Mark G. Lewis, Mehul S. Suthar, Mario Roederer, Adrian McDermott, Daniel C. Douek, Nancy J. Sullivan, Barney S. Graham, Robert A. Seder
bioRxiv 2021.08.11.456015; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.11.456015

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One

Subject Area

  • Immunology
Subject Areas
All Articles
  • Animal Behavior and Cognition (3691)
  • Biochemistry (7800)
  • Bioengineering (5678)
  • Bioinformatics (21295)
  • Biophysics (10584)
  • Cancer Biology (8179)
  • Cell Biology (11948)
  • Clinical Trials (138)
  • Developmental Biology (6764)
  • Ecology (10401)
  • Epidemiology (2065)
  • Evolutionary Biology (13876)
  • Genetics (9709)
  • Genomics (13075)
  • Immunology (8151)
  • Microbiology (20022)
  • Molecular Biology (7859)
  • Neuroscience (43075)
  • Paleontology (321)
  • Pathology (1279)
  • Pharmacology and Toxicology (2261)
  • Physiology (3353)
  • Plant Biology (7232)
  • Scientific Communication and Education (1314)
  • Synthetic Biology (2008)
  • Systems Biology (5539)
  • Zoology (1128)