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Robust and Functional Immunity up to 9 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a Southeast Asian longitudinal cohort

View ORCID ProfileVo Hoa Thi My, Maestri Alvino, Auerswald Heidi, Sorn Sopheak, Lay Sokchea, Heng Seng, Sann Sotheary, Ya Nisa, Pean Polidy, Dussart Philippe, View ORCID ProfileSchwartz Olivier, Ly Sovann, Bruel Timothee, Ly Sowath, Duong Veasna, View ORCID ProfileKarlsson Erik A, Cantaert Tineke
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.12.455901
Vo Hoa Thi My
1Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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  • ORCID record for Vo Hoa Thi My
Maestri Alvino
1Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Auerswald Heidi
2Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Sorn Sopheak
3Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Lay Sokchea
1Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Heng Seng
4Cambodian CDC-MoH
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Sann Sotheary
1Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Ya Nisa
1Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Pean Polidy
1Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Dussart Philippe
2Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Schwartz Olivier
5Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
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Ly Sovann
4Cambodian CDC-MoH
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Bruel Timothee
5Virus & Immunity Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France
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Ly Sowath
3Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Duong Veasna
2Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Karlsson Erik A
2Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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  • For correspondence: ekarlsson@pasteur-kh.org tineke.cantaert@pasteur.fr
Cantaert Tineke
1Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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  • For correspondence: ekarlsson@pasteur-kh.org tineke.cantaert@pasteur.fr
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Abstract

Assessing the duration of humoral and cellular immunity remains key to overcome the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, especially in understudied populations in least developed countries. Sixty-four Cambodian individuals with laboratory-confirmed infection with asymptomatic or mild/moderate clinical presentation were evaluated for humoral immune response to the viral spike protein and antibody effector functions during acute phase of infection and at 6-9 months follow-up. Antigen-specific B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were characterized, and T cells were interrogated for functionality at late convalescence. Anti-spike (S) antibody titers decreased over time, but effector functions mediated by S-specific antibodies remained stable. S- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific B cells could be detected in late convalescence in the activated memory B cell compartment and are mostly IgG+. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity was maintained to S and membrane (M) protein. Asymptomatic infection resulted in decreased ADCC and frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells at late convalescence. Whereas anti-S antibodies correlated with S-specific B cells, there was no correlation between T cell response and humoral immunity. Hence, all aspects of a protective immune response are maintained up to nine months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the absence of re-infection.

One sentence summary Functional immune memory to SARS-CoV-2, consisting of polyfunctional antibodies, memory B cells and memory T cells are maintained up to nine months in a South-East Asian cohort in the absence of re-infection.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • ↵* co-first authors

  • ↵$ co-last authors

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Robust and Functional Immunity up to 9 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a Southeast Asian longitudinal cohort
Vo Hoa Thi My, Maestri Alvino, Auerswald Heidi, Sorn Sopheak, Lay Sokchea, Heng Seng, Sann Sotheary, Ya Nisa, Pean Polidy, Dussart Philippe, Schwartz Olivier, Ly Sovann, Bruel Timothee, Ly Sowath, Duong Veasna, Karlsson Erik A, Cantaert Tineke
bioRxiv 2021.08.12.455901; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.12.455901
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Robust and Functional Immunity up to 9 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a Southeast Asian longitudinal cohort
Vo Hoa Thi My, Maestri Alvino, Auerswald Heidi, Sorn Sopheak, Lay Sokchea, Heng Seng, Sann Sotheary, Ya Nisa, Pean Polidy, Dussart Philippe, Schwartz Olivier, Ly Sovann, Bruel Timothee, Ly Sowath, Duong Veasna, Karlsson Erik A, Cantaert Tineke
bioRxiv 2021.08.12.455901; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.12.455901

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