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Covid-19 vaccine immunogenicity in people living with HIV-1

Lauriane Nault, Lorie Marchitto, Guillaume Goyette, Daniel Tremblay-Sher, Claude Fortin, Valérie Martel-Laferrière, Benoît Trottier, Jonathan Richard, Madeleine Durand, Daniel Kaufmann, Andrés Finzi, Cécile Tremblay
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.13.456258
Lauriane Nault
1Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
2Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Lorie Marchitto
1Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
2Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Guillaume Goyette
1Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Daniel Tremblay-Sher
1Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Claude Fortin
2Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Valérie Martel-Laferrière
1Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
2Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Benoît Trottier
4Clinique du Quartier Latin
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Jonathan Richard
1Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
2Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Madeleine Durand
1Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
2Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Daniel Kaufmann
1Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
5Département de Médecine de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Andrés Finzi
1Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
2Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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  • For correspondence: c.tremblay@umontreal.ca andres.finzi@umontreal.ca
Cécile Tremblay
1Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
2Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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  • For correspondence: c.tremblay@umontreal.ca andres.finzi@umontreal.ca
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Abstract

Introduction COVID-19 vaccine efficacy has been evaluated in large clinical trials and in real-world situation. Although they have proven to be very effective in the general population, little is known about their efficacy in immunocompromised patients. HIV-infected individuals’ response to vaccine may vary according to the type of vaccine and their level of immunosuppression. We evaluated immunogenicity of an mRNA anti-SARS CoV-2 vaccine in HIV-positive individuals.

Methods HIV-positive individuals (n=121) were recruited from HIV clinics in Montreal and stratified according to their CD4 counts. A control group of 20 health care workers naïve to SARS CoV-2 was used. The participants’ Anti-RBD IgG responses were measured by ELISA at baseline and 3 to 4 weeks after receiving the first dose of an mRNA vaccine).

Results Eleven of 121 participants had anti-COVID-19 antibodies at baseline, and a further 4 had incomplete data for the analysis. Mean anti-RBD IgG responses were similar between between the HIV negative control group (n=20) and the combined HIV+ group (n=106) (p = 0.72). However, these responses were significantly lower in the group with <250 CD4 cells/mm3. (p<0.0001). Increasing age was independently associated with decreased immunogenicity.

Conclusion HIV-positive individuals with CD4 counts over 250 cells/mm3 have an anti-RBD IgG response similar to the general population. However, HIV-positive individuals with the lowest CD4 counts (<250 cells/mm3) have a weaker response. These data would support the hypothesis that a booster dose might be needed in this subgroup of HIV-positive individuals, depending on their response to the second dose.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted August 13, 2021.
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Covid-19 vaccine immunogenicity in people living with HIV-1
Lauriane Nault, Lorie Marchitto, Guillaume Goyette, Daniel Tremblay-Sher, Claude Fortin, Valérie Martel-Laferrière, Benoît Trottier, Jonathan Richard, Madeleine Durand, Daniel Kaufmann, Andrés Finzi, Cécile Tremblay
bioRxiv 2021.08.13.456258; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.13.456258
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Covid-19 vaccine immunogenicity in people living with HIV-1
Lauriane Nault, Lorie Marchitto, Guillaume Goyette, Daniel Tremblay-Sher, Claude Fortin, Valérie Martel-Laferrière, Benoît Trottier, Jonathan Richard, Madeleine Durand, Daniel Kaufmann, Andrés Finzi, Cécile Tremblay
bioRxiv 2021.08.13.456258; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.13.456258

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