ABSTRACT
In order to promote continued growth, a tumor must recruit new blood vessels, a process known as tumor angiogenesis. Many therapies have been tested that aim to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, thus starving the tumor of nutrients and preventing tumor growth. However, many of these therapies have been unsuccessful and can paradoxically further tumor development by leading to increased local tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we use agent-based modeling to examine how hypoxic and acidic conditions following anti-angiogenic therapy can influence tumor development. Under these conditions, we find that cancer cells experience a phenotypic shift to a state of higher survival and invasive capability, spreading further away from the tumor into surrounding tissue. Although anti-angiogenic therapy alone promotes tumor cell adaptation and invasiveness, we find that augmenting chemotherapy with anti-angiogenic therapy improves chemotherapeutic response and delays the time it takes for the tumor to regrow. Overall, we use computational modeling to explain the behavior of tumor cells in response to anti-angiogenic treatment in the dynamic tumor microenvironment.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
