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The Lambda variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a better chance than the Delta variant to escape vaccines

Haolin Liu, Pengcheng Wei, Qianqian Zhang, Katja Aviszus, Jared Linderberger, John Yang, Junfeng Liu, Zhongzhou Chen, Hassan Waheed, Lyndon Reynoso, Gregory P. Downey, Stephen K. Frankel, John Kappler, Philippa Marrack, Gongyi Zhang
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.25.457692
Haolin Liu
1Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80216, USA
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  • For correspondence: Liuh@NJhealth.org Marrackp@NJhealth.org Zhangg@NJhealth.org
Pengcheng Wei
1Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80216, USA
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Qianqian Zhang
2State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
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Katja Aviszus
1Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80216, USA
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Jared Linderberger
3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80216
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John Yang
4Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Junfeng Liu
2State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
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Zhongzhou Chen
2State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
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Hassan Waheed
1Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80216, USA
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Lyndon Reynoso
5Department of Pharmacy, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206, USA
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Gregory P. Downey
4Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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Stephen K. Frankel
4Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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John Kappler
1Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80216, USA
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Philippa Marrack
1Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80216, USA
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  • For correspondence: Liuh@NJhealth.org Marrackp@NJhealth.org Zhangg@NJhealth.org
Gongyi Zhang
1Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80216, USA
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  • For correspondence: Liuh@NJhealth.org Marrackp@NJhealth.org Zhangg@NJhealth.org
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Summary

The newly emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 from India (Delta variant) and South America (Lambda variant) have led to a higher infection rate of either vaccinated or unvaccinated people. We found that sera from Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine remain high reactivity toward the receptor binding domain (RBD) of Delta variant while it drops dramatically toward that of Lambda variant. Interestingly, the overall titer of antibodies of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccinated individuals drops 3-fold after 6 months, which could be one of major reasons for breakthrough infections, emphasizing the importance of potential third boost shot. While a therapeutic antibody, Bamlanivimab, decreases binding affinity to Delta variant by ~20 fold, it fully lost binding to Lambda variant. Structural modeling of complexes of RBD with human receptor, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), and Bamlanivimab suggest the potential basis of the change of binding. The data suggest possible danger and a potential surge of Lambda variant in near future.

Competing Interest Statement

G.Z. holds equity at NB Life Laboratory LLC

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted August 26, 2021.
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The Lambda variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a better chance than the Delta variant to escape vaccines
Haolin Liu, Pengcheng Wei, Qianqian Zhang, Katja Aviszus, Jared Linderberger, John Yang, Junfeng Liu, Zhongzhou Chen, Hassan Waheed, Lyndon Reynoso, Gregory P. Downey, Stephen K. Frankel, John Kappler, Philippa Marrack, Gongyi Zhang
bioRxiv 2021.08.25.457692; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.25.457692
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The Lambda variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a better chance than the Delta variant to escape vaccines
Haolin Liu, Pengcheng Wei, Qianqian Zhang, Katja Aviszus, Jared Linderberger, John Yang, Junfeng Liu, Zhongzhou Chen, Hassan Waheed, Lyndon Reynoso, Gregory P. Downey, Stephen K. Frankel, John Kappler, Philippa Marrack, Gongyi Zhang
bioRxiv 2021.08.25.457692; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.25.457692

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