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Oral and intranasal Ad5 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines decrease disease and viral transmission in a golden hamster model

View ORCID ProfileStephanie N. Langel, Susan Johnson, Clarissa I. Martinez, Sarah N. Tedjakusuma, Nadine Peinovich, Emery G. Dora, Philip J. Kuehl, Hammad Irshad, Edward G. Barrett, Adam Werts, View ORCID ProfileSean N Tucker
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.03.462919
Stephanie N. Langel
1Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology and Department of Surgery, Durham, NC, USA
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  • ORCID record for Stephanie N. Langel
  • For correspondence: stephanie.langel@duke.edu stucker@vaxart.com
Susan Johnson
2Vaxart, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Clarissa I. Martinez
2Vaxart, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Sarah N. Tedjakusuma
2Vaxart, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Nadine Peinovich
2Vaxart, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Emery G. Dora
2Vaxart, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Philip J. Kuehl
3Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Hammad Irshad
3Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Edward G. Barrett
3Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Adam Werts
3Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Sean N Tucker
2Vaxart, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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  • ORCID record for Sean N Tucker
  • For correspondence: stephanie.langel@duke.edu stucker@vaxart.com
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Abstract

Transmission-blocking strategies that slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and protect against COVID-19 are needed. We have developed a shelf-stable, orally-delivered Ad5-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate that expresses the spike protein. Here we demonstrated that oral and intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of this candidate protected against disease in index hamsters, and decreased aerosol transmission to unvaccinated, naïve hamsters. We confirmed that mucosally-vaccinated hamsters had robust antibody responses. We then induced a post-vaccination infection by inoculating vaccinated index hamsters with SARS-CoV-2. Oral and IN-vaccinated hamsters had decreased viral RNA and infectious virus in the nose and lungs and experienced less lung pathology compared to mock-vaccinated hamsters post challenge. Naive hamsters exposed in a unidirectional air flow chamber to mucosally-vaccinated, SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters had lower nasal swab viral RNA and exhibited less clinical symptoms of disease than control animals. Our data demonstrate that oral immunization is a viable strategy to decrease SARS-CoV-2 disease and aerosol transmission.

Competing Interest Statement

S.N.T, S.J., N.P., E.G.D., C.I.M., and S.N.T. are employees of Vaxart, Inc., and/or have received stock options. H.I., P.J.K, E.G.B, and A.W. are employees of Lovelace Biomedical. EGD and SNT are named as inventors covering a SARS- CoV-2 (nCoV-19) vaccine. SNT is named as an inventor on patent covering the vaccine platform. S.N.L. reports no conflicts.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted October 05, 2021.
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Oral and intranasal Ad5 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines decrease disease and viral transmission in a golden hamster model
Stephanie N. Langel, Susan Johnson, Clarissa I. Martinez, Sarah N. Tedjakusuma, Nadine Peinovich, Emery G. Dora, Philip J. Kuehl, Hammad Irshad, Edward G. Barrett, Adam Werts, Sean N Tucker
bioRxiv 2021.10.03.462919; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.03.462919
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Oral and intranasal Ad5 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines decrease disease and viral transmission in a golden hamster model
Stephanie N. Langel, Susan Johnson, Clarissa I. Martinez, Sarah N. Tedjakusuma, Nadine Peinovich, Emery G. Dora, Philip J. Kuehl, Hammad Irshad, Edward G. Barrett, Adam Werts, Sean N Tucker
bioRxiv 2021.10.03.462919; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.03.462919

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