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Bottom-up and top-down effects of temperature on body growth, population size spectra and yield in a size-structured food web

View ORCID ProfileMax Lindmark, View ORCID ProfileAsta Audzijonyte, View ORCID ProfileJulia Blanchard, View ORCID ProfileAnna Gårdmark
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.04.463018
Max Lindmark
aSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Coastal Research, Skolgatan 6, Öregrund 742 42, Sweden
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  • For correspondence: max.lindmark@slu.se
Asta Audzijonyte
bInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, TAS 7001, Australia
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Julia Blanchard
cInstitute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
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Anna Gårdmark
dSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Skolgatan 6, SE-742 42 Öregrund, Sweden
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Abstract

Resolving the combined effect of climate warming and exploitation in a food web context is key for predicting future biomass production, size-structure, and potential yields of marine fishes. Previous studies based on mechanistic size-based food web models have found that bottom-up processes are important drivers of size-structure and fisheries yield in changing climates. However, we know less about the joint effects of ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’ effects of temperature: how do temperature effects propagate from individual-level physiology through food webs and alter the size-structure of exploited species in a community? Here we assess how a species-resolved size-based food web is affected by warming through both these pathways, and by exploitation. We parameterize a dynamic size spectrum food web model inspired by the offshore Baltic Sea food web, and investigate how individual growth rates, size-structure, relative abundances of species and yields are affected by warming. The magnitude of warming is based on projections by the regional coupled model system RCA4-NEMO and the RCP 8.5 emission scenario, and we evaluate different scenarios of temperature dependence on fish physiology and resource productivity. When accounting for temperature-effects on physiology in addition to on basal productivity, projected size-at-age in 2050 increases on average for all fish species, mainly for young fish, compared to scenarios without warming. In contrast, size-at-age decreases when temperature affects resource dynamics only, and the decline is largest for young fish. Faster growth rates due to warming, however, do not always translate to larger yields, as lower resource carrying capacities with increasing temperature tend to result in declines in the abundance of larger fish and hence spawning stock biomass – the part of the population exposed to fishing. These results show that to understand how global warming impacts the size structure of fish communities, both direct metabolic effects and indirect effects of temperature via basal resources must be accounted for.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted October 05, 2021.
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Bottom-up and top-down effects of temperature on body growth, population size spectra and yield in a size-structured food web
Max Lindmark, Asta Audzijonyte, Julia Blanchard, Anna Gårdmark
bioRxiv 2021.10.04.463018; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.04.463018
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Bottom-up and top-down effects of temperature on body growth, population size spectra and yield in a size-structured food web
Max Lindmark, Asta Audzijonyte, Julia Blanchard, Anna Gårdmark
bioRxiv 2021.10.04.463018; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.04.463018

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