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Trade-off between competition ability and invulnerability to predation in marine microbes; protist grazing versus viral lysis effects

Jinny Wu Yang, Feng-Hsun Chang, Yi-Chun Yeh, An-Yi Tsai, Kuo-Ping Chiang, Fuh-Kwo Shiah, Gwo-Ching Gong, Chih-hao Hsieh
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.09.463787
Jinny Wu Yang
1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
2Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Feng-Hsun Chang
2Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yi-Chun Yeh
3Division of Marine and Environmental Biology, University of South California, CA, USA
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An-Yi Tsai
4Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Kuo-Ping Chiang
4Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Fuh-Kwo Shiah
2Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
5Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Gwo-Ching Gong
4Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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Chih-hao Hsieh
2Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
5Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
6Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
7National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
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  • For correspondence: chsieh@ntu.edu.tw
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Abstract

Trade-offs between competition ability and invulnerability to predation are important mechanisms explaining how predation promotes bacterial diversity. However, existence of these trade-offs has apparently not been investigated in natural marine bacterial communities. Here, we address this question with growth-based measurements for each marine bacterial taxon by conducting on-board dilution experiments to manipulate predation pressure and using high-throughput sequencing to assess the response of bacterial communities. We determined that bacterial taxa with a higher predation-free growth rate were accompanied with higher predation-caused mortality, supporting existence of competitiveness-invulnerability trade-off. This trade-off was stronger and more consistent under viral lysis than protist grazing. In addition, predation generally flattened out the rank-abundance distribution and increased the evenness and richness of the bacterial community. These findings supported the “Kill-the-Winner” hypothesis. All experiments supported a significant competitiveness-invulnerability trade-off, but there was substantial variation among bacterial communities in response to predation across experiments conducted in various sites and seasons. Therefore, we inferred that the Kill-the-Winner hypothesis is important but likely not the only deterministic mechanism explaining how predation shapes bacterial assemblages in natural marine systems.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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Trade-off between competition ability and invulnerability to predation in marine microbes; protist grazing versus viral lysis effects
Jinny Wu Yang, Feng-Hsun Chang, Yi-Chun Yeh, An-Yi Tsai, Kuo-Ping Chiang, Fuh-Kwo Shiah, Gwo-Ching Gong, Chih-hao Hsieh
bioRxiv 2021.10.09.463787; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.09.463787
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Trade-off between competition ability and invulnerability to predation in marine microbes; protist grazing versus viral lysis effects
Jinny Wu Yang, Feng-Hsun Chang, Yi-Chun Yeh, An-Yi Tsai, Kuo-Ping Chiang, Fuh-Kwo Shiah, Gwo-Ching Gong, Chih-hao Hsieh
bioRxiv 2021.10.09.463787; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.09.463787

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