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Relationships between the hard and soft dimensions of the nose in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens reveal the nasal protrusions of Plio-Pleistocene hominids

View ORCID ProfileRyan M. Campbell, Gabriel Vinas, View ORCID ProfileMaciej Henneberg
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.18.464897
Ryan M. Campbell
1Adelaide Medical School, Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, The University of Adelaide, Helen Mayo North, Floor 2, Room 24, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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  • For correspondence: ryan.campbell@adelaide.edu.au
Gabriel Vinas
2Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts, Sculpture Department, Arizona State University, Art Building, 900 S Forest Mall, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, United States of America
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Maciej Henneberg
1Adelaide Medical School, Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, The University of Adelaide, Helen Mayo North, Floor 2, Room 24, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
3Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Building 42, Floor G, Room 70, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract

By identifying similarity in bone and soft tissue covariation patterns in hominids, it is possible to produce facial approximation methods that are compatible with more than one species of primate. In this study, we conducted an interspecific comparison of the nasomaxillary region in chimpanzees and modern humans with the aim of producing a method for predicting the nasal protrusions of ancient Plio-Pleistocene hominids. We addressed this aim by first collecting and performing regression analyses of linear and angular measurements of nasal cavity length and inclination in modern humans (Homo sapiens; n = 72) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes; n = 19), and then by performing a set of out-of-group tests. The first test was performed on two subjects that belonged to the same genus as the training sample, i.e., Homo (n = 1) and Pan (n = 1), and the second test, which functioned as an interspecies compatibility test, was performed on Pan paniscus (n = 1), Gorilla gorilla (n = 3), Pongo pygmaeus (n = 1), Pongo abelli (n = 1), Symphalangus syndactylus (n = 3), and Papio hamadryas (n = 3). We identified statistically significant correlations in both humans and chimpanzees with slopes that displayed homogeneity of covariation. Joint prediction formulae were found to be compatible with humans and chimpanzees as well as all other African great apes, i.e., bonobos and gorillas. The main conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that regression models for approximating nasal projection are homogenous among humans and African apes and can thus be reasonably extended to ancestors leading to these clades.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted October 18, 2021.
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Relationships between the hard and soft dimensions of the nose in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens reveal the nasal protrusions of Plio-Pleistocene hominids
Ryan M. Campbell, Gabriel Vinas, Maciej Henneberg
bioRxiv 2021.10.18.464897; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.18.464897
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Relationships between the hard and soft dimensions of the nose in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens reveal the nasal protrusions of Plio-Pleistocene hominids
Ryan M. Campbell, Gabriel Vinas, Maciej Henneberg
bioRxiv 2021.10.18.464897; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.18.464897

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