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mRNA Vaccines Induce Rapid Antibody Responses in Mice

Makda S. Gebre, Susanne Rauch, Nicole Roth, Janina Gergen, Jingyou Yu, Xiaowen Liu, Andrew C. Cole, Stefan O. Mueller, Benjamin Petsch, View ORCID ProfileDan H. Barouch
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.01.466863
Makda S. Gebre
1Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Susanne Rauch
2CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany
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Nicole Roth
2CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany
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Janina Gergen
2CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany
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Jingyou Yu
1Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Xiaowen Liu
3Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Andrew C. Cole
3Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Stefan O. Mueller
2CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany
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Benjamin Petsch
2CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany
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Dan H. Barouch
1Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
4Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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  • ORCID record for Dan H. Barouch
  • For correspondence: dbarouch@bidmc.harvard.edu
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ABSTRACT

mRNA vaccines can be developed and produced quickly, making them attractive for immediate outbreak responses. Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated rapid protection following mRNA vaccination. We sought to investigate how quickly mRNA vaccines elicit antibody responses compared to other vaccine modalities. We first examined immune kinetics of mRNA and DNA vaccines expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike in mice. We observed rapid induction of antigen-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies by day 5 following mRNA, but not DNA, immunization. The mRNA vaccine also induced increased levels of IL-5, IL-6 and MCP-1. We then evaluated immune kinetics of an HIV-1 mRNA vaccine in comparison to DNA, protein, and rhesus adenovirus 52 (RhAd52) vaccines with the same HIV-1 envelope antigen in mice. Induction of envelope-specific antibodies was observed by day 5 following mRNA vaccination, whereas antibodies were detected by day 7-14 following DNA, protein, and RhAd52 vaccination. Eliciting rapid humoral immunity may be an advantageous property of mRNA vaccines for controlling infectious disease outbreaks.

IMPORTANCE mRNA vaccines can be developed and produced in record time. Here we demonstrate induction of rapid antibody responses by mRNA vaccines encoding two different viral antigens by day 5 following immunization in mice. The rapid immune kinetics of mRNA vaccines can be an advantageous property that makes them well suited for rapid control of infectious disease outbreaks.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 02, 2021.
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mRNA Vaccines Induce Rapid Antibody Responses in Mice
Makda S. Gebre, Susanne Rauch, Nicole Roth, Janina Gergen, Jingyou Yu, Xiaowen Liu, Andrew C. Cole, Stefan O. Mueller, Benjamin Petsch, Dan H. Barouch
bioRxiv 2021.11.01.466863; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.01.466863
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mRNA Vaccines Induce Rapid Antibody Responses in Mice
Makda S. Gebre, Susanne Rauch, Nicole Roth, Janina Gergen, Jingyou Yu, Xiaowen Liu, Andrew C. Cole, Stefan O. Mueller, Benjamin Petsch, Dan H. Barouch
bioRxiv 2021.11.01.466863; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.01.466863

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