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Hybridization and introgression are prevalent in Southern European Erysimum (Brassicaceae) species

View ORCID ProfileCarolina Osuna-Mascaró, View ORCID ProfileRafael Rubio de Casas, José M. Gómez, João Loureiro, Silvia Castro, View ORCID ProfileJacob B. Landis, Robin Hopkins, View ORCID ProfileFrancisco Perfectti
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.03.467125
Carolina Osuna-Mascaró
1Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
2Research Unit Modeling Nature, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
3Department of Biology, University of Nevada, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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  • For correspondence: cosuna@unr.edu fperfect@ugr.es
Rafael Rubio de Casas
2Research Unit Modeling Nature, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
4Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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José M. Gómez
2Research Unit Modeling Nature, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
5Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA-CSIC), Almería, Spain
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João Loureiro
6Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Silvia Castro
6Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Jacob B. Landis
7BTI Computational Biology Center, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca NY 14853, USA
8School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
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Robin Hopkins
9Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
10The Arnold Arboretum, 1300 Centre Street, Boston, MA, USA
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Francisco Perfectti
1Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
2Research Unit Modeling Nature, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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  • For correspondence: cosuna@unr.edu fperfect@ugr.es
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ABSTRACT

Background and Aims Hybridization is a common and important force in plant evolution. One of its outcomes is introgression - the transfer of small genomic regions from one taxon to another by hybridization and repeated backcrossing. This process is believed to be common in glacial refugia, where range expansions and contractions can lead to cycles of sympatry and isolation, creating conditions for extensive hybridization and introgression. Polyploidization is another genome-wide process with a major influence on plant evolution. Both hybridization and polyploidization can have complex effects on plant evolution. However, these effects are often difficult to understand in recently evolved species complexes.

Methods We combined flow cytometry, transcriptomic and genomic analyses, and pollen-tube growth assays to investigate the consequences of polyploidization, hybridization, and introgression on the recent evolution of several Erysimum (Brassicaceae) species from the South of the Iberian Peninsula, a well-known glacial refugium. This species complex differentiated in the last 2Myr, and its evolution has been hypothesized to be determined mainly by polyploidization, interspecific hybridization, and introgression.

Key Results Our results support a scenario of widespread hybridization involving both extant and “ghost” taxa. Several taxa studied here, most notably those with purple corollas, are polyploids, likely of allopolyploid origin. Moreover, hybridization in this group might be an ongoing phenomenon, as prezygotic barriers appeared weak in many cases.

Conclusions The evolution of Erysimum spp. has been determined by hybridization to a large extent. The adaptive value of such genomic exchanges remains unclear, but our results indicate the importance of hybridization for plant diversification across evolutionary scales.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 05, 2021.
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Hybridization and introgression are prevalent in Southern European Erysimum (Brassicaceae) species
Carolina Osuna-Mascaró, Rafael Rubio de Casas, José M. Gómez, João Loureiro, Silvia Castro, Jacob B. Landis, Robin Hopkins, Francisco Perfectti
bioRxiv 2021.11.03.467125; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.03.467125
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Hybridization and introgression are prevalent in Southern European Erysimum (Brassicaceae) species
Carolina Osuna-Mascaró, Rafael Rubio de Casas, José M. Gómez, João Loureiro, Silvia Castro, Jacob B. Landis, Robin Hopkins, Francisco Perfectti
bioRxiv 2021.11.03.467125; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.03.467125

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