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Genotype-specific transcriptional responses overshadow salinity effects in a marine diatom sampled along the Baltic Sea salinity cline

View ORCID ProfileEveline Pinseel, View ORCID ProfileTeofil Nakov, View ORCID ProfileKoen Van den Berge, View ORCID ProfileKala M. Downey, View ORCID ProfileKathryn J. Judy, Olga Kourtchenko, View ORCID ProfileAnke Kremp, View ORCID ProfileElizabeth C. Ruck, View ORCID ProfileConny Sjöqvist, View ORCID ProfileMats Töpel, View ORCID ProfileAnna Godhe, View ORCID ProfileAndrew J. Alverson
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.04.467364
Eveline Pinseel
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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  • For correspondence: eveline.pinseel@gmail.com aja@uark.edu
Teofil Nakov
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Koen Van den Berge
2Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
3Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
4Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kala M. Downey
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Kathryn J. Judy
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Olga Kourtchenko
5Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Anke Kremp
6Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Rostock, Germany
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Elizabeth C. Ruck
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Conny Sjöqvist
7Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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Mats Töpel
5Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Anna Godhe
5Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Andrew J. Alverson
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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  • For correspondence: eveline.pinseel@gmail.com aja@uark.edu
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Abstract

The salinity gradient separating marine and freshwater environments represents a major ecological divide for microbiota, yet the mechanisms by which marine microbes have adapted to and ultimately diversified in freshwater environments are poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of a natural evolutionary experiment: the colonization of the brackish Baltic Sea by the ancestrally marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi. To understand how diatoms respond to low salinity, we characterized transcriptomic responses of S. marinoi grown in a common garden. Our experiment included eight genotypes from source populations spanning the Baltic Sea salinity cline. Changes in gene expression revealed a shared response to salinity across genotypes, where low salinities induced profound changes in cellular metabolism, including upregulation of carbon fixation and storage compound biosynthesis, and increased nutrient demand and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the genotype effect overshadowed the salinity effect, as genotypes differed significantly in their response, both in the magnitude and direction of gene expression. Intraspecific differences included regulation of transcription and translation, nitrogen metabolism, cell signaling, and aerobic respiration. The high degree of intraspecific variation in gene expression observed here highlights an important but often overlooked source of biological variation associated with how diatoms respond and adapt to environmental change.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Genotype-specific transcriptional responses overshadow salinity effects in a marine diatom sampled along the Baltic Sea salinity cline
Eveline Pinseel, Teofil Nakov, Koen Van den Berge, Kala M. Downey, Kathryn J. Judy, Olga Kourtchenko, Anke Kremp, Elizabeth C. Ruck, Conny Sjöqvist, Mats Töpel, Anna Godhe, Andrew J. Alverson
bioRxiv 2021.11.04.467364; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.04.467364
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Genotype-specific transcriptional responses overshadow salinity effects in a marine diatom sampled along the Baltic Sea salinity cline
Eveline Pinseel, Teofil Nakov, Koen Van den Berge, Kala M. Downey, Kathryn J. Judy, Olga Kourtchenko, Anke Kremp, Elizabeth C. Ruck, Conny Sjöqvist, Mats Töpel, Anna Godhe, Andrew J. Alverson
bioRxiv 2021.11.04.467364; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.04.467364

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