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Establishment of well-differentiated camelid airway cultures to study Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

View ORCID ProfileMitra Gultom, View ORCID ProfileAnnika Kratzel, Jasmine Portmann, Hanspeter Stalder, Astrid Chanfon Bätzner, Hans Gantenbein, Corinne Gurtner, Nadine Ebert, Horst Posthaus, Patrik Zanolari, Stephanie Pfaender, View ORCID ProfileVolker Thiel, View ORCID ProfileRonald Dijkman
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.10.468038
Mitra Gultom
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
4Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Annika Kratzel
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
3Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jasmine Portmann
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Hanspeter Stalder
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Astrid Chanfon Bätzner
6Institute of Animal Pathology (COMPATH), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern
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Hans Gantenbein
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
5Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Corinne Gurtner
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
5Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Nadine Ebert
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Horst Posthaus
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
5Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Patrik Zanolari
7Ruminant clinic, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Stephanie Pfaender
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Volker Thiel
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: ronald.dijkman@ifik.unibe.ch volker.thiel@vetsuisse.unibe.ch
Ronald Dijkman
1Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
2Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
4Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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  • ORCID record for Ronald Dijkman
  • For correspondence: ronald.dijkman@ifik.unibe.ch volker.thiel@vetsuisse.unibe.ch
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Abstract

In 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in Saudi Arabia and was mostly associated with severe respiratory illness in humans. Dromedary camels are the zoonotic reservoir for MERS-CoV. To investigate the biology of MERS-CoV in camelids, we developed a well-differentiated airway epithelial cell (AEC) culture model for Llama glama and Camelus bactrianus. Histological characterization revealed progressive epithelial cellular differentiation with well-resemblance to autologous ex vivo tissues. We demonstrate that MERS-CoV displays a divergent cell tropism and replication kinetics profile in both AEC models. Furthermore, we observed that in the camelid AEC models MERS-CoV replication can be inhibited by both type I and III interferons (IFNs). In conclusion, we successfully established camelid AEC cultures that recapitulate the in vivo airway epithelium and reflect MERS-CoV infection in vivo. In combination with human AEC cultures, this system allows detailed characterization of the molecular basis of MERS-CoV cross-species transmission in respiratory epithelium.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 10, 2021.
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Establishment of well-differentiated camelid airway cultures to study Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Mitra Gultom, Annika Kratzel, Jasmine Portmann, Hanspeter Stalder, Astrid Chanfon Bätzner, Hans Gantenbein, Corinne Gurtner, Nadine Ebert, Horst Posthaus, Patrik Zanolari, Stephanie Pfaender, Volker Thiel, Ronald Dijkman
bioRxiv 2021.11.10.468038; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.10.468038
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Establishment of well-differentiated camelid airway cultures to study Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Mitra Gultom, Annika Kratzel, Jasmine Portmann, Hanspeter Stalder, Astrid Chanfon Bätzner, Hans Gantenbein, Corinne Gurtner, Nadine Ebert, Horst Posthaus, Patrik Zanolari, Stephanie Pfaender, Volker Thiel, Ronald Dijkman
bioRxiv 2021.11.10.468038; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.10.468038

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