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Population genomics reveal distinct and diverging populations of An. minimus in Cambodia – a widespread malaria vector in Southeast Asia

View ORCID ProfileBrandyce St. Laurent, Nick Harding, Nick Deason, Kolthida Oy, Chea Sok Loeun, Men Sary, Rous Sunly, Sen Nhep, Eleanor Drury, Kirk Rockett, Siv Sovannaroth, Sonia Goncalves, Dominic Kwiatkowski, Alistair Miles
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.11.468219
Brandyce St. Laurent
1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Parasites and Microbes, Natural Genetic Variation, Cambridge UK
3previously NIH NIAID Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, Maryland, USA
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  • ORCID record for Brandyce St. Laurent
  • For correspondence: brandy.st.laurent@sanger.ac.uk
Nick Harding
1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Parasites and Microbes, Natural Genetic Variation, Cambridge UK
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Nick Deason
3previously NIH NIAID Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, Maryland, USA
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Kolthida Oy
2National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (CNM), Phnom Pehn, Cambodia
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Chea Sok Loeun
2National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (CNM), Phnom Pehn, Cambodia
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Men Sary
2National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (CNM), Phnom Pehn, Cambodia
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Rous Sunly
2National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (CNM), Phnom Pehn, Cambodia
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Sen Nhep
2National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (CNM), Phnom Pehn, Cambodia
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Eleanor Drury
1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Parasites and Microbes, Natural Genetic Variation, Cambridge UK
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Kirk Rockett
1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Parasites and Microbes, Natural Genetic Variation, Cambridge UK
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Siv Sovannaroth
2National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control (CNM), Phnom Pehn, Cambodia
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Sonia Goncalves
1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Parasites and Microbes, Natural Genetic Variation, Cambridge UK
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Dominic Kwiatkowski
1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Parasites and Microbes, Natural Genetic Variation, Cambridge UK
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Alistair Miles
1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Parasites and Microbes, Natural Genetic Variation, Cambridge UK
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Abstract

Anopheles minimus is an important malaria vector throughout its wide geographic range across Southeast Asia. Genome sequencing could provide important insights into the unique malaria transmission dynamics in this region, where many vector species feed and rest outdoors. We describe results from a study using Illumina deep whole-genome sequencing of 302 wild-caught An. minimus collected from three Cambodian provinces over several years (2010, 2014-2016) and seasons to examine the level of population structure and genetic diversity within this species. These specimens cluster into four distinct populations of An. minimus s.s., with two populations overlapping geographically. We describe the underlying genetic diversity and divergence of these populations and investigated the genetic variation in genes known to be involved in insecticide resistance. We found strong signals of selection within these An. minimus populations, most of which were present in the two Northeastern Cambodian populations and differ from those previously described in African malaria vectors. Cambodia is the focus of the emergence and spread of drug-resistant malaria parasites, so understanding the underlying genetic diversity and resilience of the vectors of these parasites is key to implementing effective malaria control and elimination strategies. These data are publicly available as part of the MalariaGEN Vector Observatory, an open access resource of genome sequence data.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • https://www.malariagen.net/resource/35

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 12, 2021.
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Population genomics reveal distinct and diverging populations of An. minimus in Cambodia – a widespread malaria vector in Southeast Asia
Brandyce St. Laurent, Nick Harding, Nick Deason, Kolthida Oy, Chea Sok Loeun, Men Sary, Rous Sunly, Sen Nhep, Eleanor Drury, Kirk Rockett, Siv Sovannaroth, Sonia Goncalves, Dominic Kwiatkowski, Alistair Miles
bioRxiv 2021.11.11.468219; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.11.468219
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Population genomics reveal distinct and diverging populations of An. minimus in Cambodia – a widespread malaria vector in Southeast Asia
Brandyce St. Laurent, Nick Harding, Nick Deason, Kolthida Oy, Chea Sok Loeun, Men Sary, Rous Sunly, Sen Nhep, Eleanor Drury, Kirk Rockett, Siv Sovannaroth, Sonia Goncalves, Dominic Kwiatkowski, Alistair Miles
bioRxiv 2021.11.11.468219; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.11.468219

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