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Reconstruction of sound driven, actively amplified and spontaneous motions within the tree cricket auditory organ

View ORCID ProfileNatasha Mhatre, James B. Dewey, Patricia M. Quiñones, View ORCID ProfileAndrew Mason, View ORCID ProfileBrian E. Applegate, John S. Oghalai
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.14.468538
Natasha Mhatre
1Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario. Canada
2Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario. Canada
3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
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  • For correspondence: nmhatre@uwo.ca
James B. Dewey
4Caruso Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Patricia M. Quiñones
4Caruso Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Andrew Mason
3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
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Brian E. Applegate
4Caruso Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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John S. Oghalai
4Caruso Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abstract

Hearing consists of a delicate chain of events. Sound is first captured by an eardrum or similar organ which is set into vibrations, these vibrations must then be transmitted to sensory cells in a manner that opens mechanosensory channels generating an electrical signal. Studying this process is challenging. Auditory vibrations are in the nano- to picometer-scale and occur at fast temporal scales of milli to microseconds. Finally, most of this process occurs within the body of the animal where it is inaccessible to conventional measurement techniques. For instance, even in crickets, a century-old auditory model system, it is unclear how sound evoked vibrations are transmitted to sensory neurons. Here, we use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure how vibrations travel within the auditory organ of the western tree cricket (Oecanthus californicus). We also measure the reversal of this process as mechanosensory cells generate spontaneous oscillations and amplify sound-evoked vibrations. Most importantly, we found that while the mechanosensory neurons were not attached to the peripheral sound collecting structures, they were mechanically well-coupled through acoustic trachea. Thus, the acoustic trachea are not merely conduits for sound but also perform a mechanical function. Our results generate several insights into the similarities between insect and vertebrate hearing, and into the evolutionary history of auditory amplification.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 15, 2021.
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Reconstruction of sound driven, actively amplified and spontaneous motions within the tree cricket auditory organ
Natasha Mhatre, James B. Dewey, Patricia M. Quiñones, Andrew Mason, Brian E. Applegate, John S. Oghalai
bioRxiv 2021.11.14.468538; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.14.468538
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Reconstruction of sound driven, actively amplified and spontaneous motions within the tree cricket auditory organ
Natasha Mhatre, James B. Dewey, Patricia M. Quiñones, Andrew Mason, Brian E. Applegate, John S. Oghalai
bioRxiv 2021.11.14.468538; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.14.468538

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