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Monophyly of Diverse Bigyromonadea and their Impact on Phylogenomic Relationships Within Stramenopiles

View ORCID ProfileAnna Cho, View ORCID ProfileDenis V. Tikhonenkov, View ORCID ProfileElisabeth Hehenberger, View ORCID ProfileAnna Karnkowska, Alexander P. Mylnikov, View ORCID ProfilePatrick J. Keeling
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.17.469027
Anna Cho
aDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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Denis V. Tikhonenkov
aDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
bPapanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Science, Borok 152742, Russia
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Elisabeth Hehenberger
cOcean EcoSystems Biology Group, GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel 24105, Germany
dInstitute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Anna Karnkowska
eInstitute of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
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Alexander P. Mylnikov
bPapanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Science, Borok 152742, Russia
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Patrick J. Keeling
aDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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  • For correspondence: pkeeling@mail.ubc.ca
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Abstract

Stramenopiles are a diverse but relatively well-studied eukaryotic supergroup with considerable genomic information available (Sibbald and Archibald, 2017). Nevertheless, the relationships between major stramenopile subgroups remain unresolved, in part due to a lack of data from small nanoflagellates that make up a lot of the genetic diversity of the group. This is most obvious in Bigyromonadea, which is one of four major stramenopile subgroups but represented by a single transcriptome. To examine the diversity of Bigyromonadea and how the lack of data affects the tree, we generated transcriptomes from seven novel bigyromonada species described in this study: Develocauda condao, Develocanicus komovi, Develocanicus vyazemskyi, Cubaremonas variflagellatum, Pirsonia chemainus, Feodosia pseudopoda, and Koktebelia satura. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenomic trees based on a 247 gene-matrix recovered a monophyletic Bigyromonadea that includes two diverse subgroups, Developea and Pirsoniales, that were not previously related based on single gene trees. Maximum likelihood analyses show Bigyromonadea related to oomycetes, whereas Bayesian analyses and topology testing were inconclusive. We observed similarities between the novel bigyromonad species and motile zoospores of oomycetes in morphology and the ability to self- aggregate. Rare formation of pseudopods and fused cells were also observed, traits that are also found in members of labyrinthulomycetes, another osmotrophic stramenopiles. Furthermore, we report the first case of eukaryovory in the flagellated stages of Pirsoniales. These analyses reveal new diversity of Bigyromonadea, and altogether suggest their monophyly with oomycetes, collectively known as Pseudofungi, is the most likely topology of the stramenopile tree.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted November 19, 2021.
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Monophyly of Diverse Bigyromonadea and their Impact on Phylogenomic Relationships Within Stramenopiles
Anna Cho, Denis V. Tikhonenkov, Elisabeth Hehenberger, Anna Karnkowska, Alexander P. Mylnikov, Patrick J. Keeling
bioRxiv 2021.11.17.469027; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.17.469027
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Monophyly of Diverse Bigyromonadea and their Impact on Phylogenomic Relationships Within Stramenopiles
Anna Cho, Denis V. Tikhonenkov, Elisabeth Hehenberger, Anna Karnkowska, Alexander P. Mylnikov, Patrick J. Keeling
bioRxiv 2021.11.17.469027; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.17.469027

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