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CyanoHABs: inevitable evolutionary ecological consequence for low nutrient-requiring cyanobacteria in water eutrophication

Wenduo Cheng, Somin Hwang, Qisen Guo, Haibei Zhang, Leyuan Qian, Weile Liu, Yang Yu, Yi Tao, Huansheng Cao
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.22.469516
Wenduo Cheng
bDivision of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan, 215316, China
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Somin Hwang
bDivision of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan, 215316, China
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Qisen Guo
bDivision of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan, 215316, China
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Haibei Zhang
bDivision of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan, 215316, China
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Leyuan Qian
bDivision of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan, 215316, China
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Weile Liu
bDivision of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan, 215316, China
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Yang Yu
bDivision of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan, 215316, China
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Yi Tao
aGuangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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  • For correspondence: hc284@duke.edu tao.yi@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn
Huansheng Cao
bDivision of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan, 215316, China
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  • For correspondence: hc284@duke.edu tao.yi@sz.tsinghua.edu.cn
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Abstract

The mechanism of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) is complicated and confusing. One major reason is they are studied primarily from an ecological perspective and on bloom-forming species only. This narrow angle loses a broader evolutionary and ecological context in which CyanoHABs occur and fails to provide information on relevant components to achieve a wholistic understanding. To derive a comprehensive mechanism of CyanoHABs, we examine CyanoHABs through the overlooked evolutionary and ecological lenses: evolutionary radiation, ecological comparison with co-living algae, and recently identified genomic functional repertoire between blooming and non-blooming species. We found key factors: (1) elaborate diverse functional repertoire and low nutrient requirement in cyanobacteria molded by early adaptive evolution, (2) cyanobacteria having lower nutrient requirements than green algae indeed, (3) there is no directed evolution in biological functions toward water eutrophication in cyanobacteria, (4) the CyanoHAB-associated functional repertoire are more abundant and complete in blooming than non-blooming species. These factors lead us to postulate a preliminary mechanism of CyanoHABs as a synergistic quad: superior functional repertoire, established with long adaptive radiation under nutrient-deficient conditions and not evolved toward eutrophic conditions, enables cyanobacteria to efficiently utilize elevated nutrients under current eutrophic regime for excess growth and CyanoHABs thereof, due to their lower nutrient requirements than co-living algae. This preliminary synthesis without doubt needs further empirical testing, which can be undertaken with more comparative studies of multiple species using integrated systems biology approaches.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted November 22, 2021.
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CyanoHABs: inevitable evolutionary ecological consequence for low nutrient-requiring cyanobacteria in water eutrophication
Wenduo Cheng, Somin Hwang, Qisen Guo, Haibei Zhang, Leyuan Qian, Weile Liu, Yang Yu, Yi Tao, Huansheng Cao
bioRxiv 2021.11.22.469516; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.22.469516
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CyanoHABs: inevitable evolutionary ecological consequence for low nutrient-requiring cyanobacteria in water eutrophication
Wenduo Cheng, Somin Hwang, Qisen Guo, Haibei Zhang, Leyuan Qian, Weile Liu, Yang Yu, Yi Tao, Huansheng Cao
bioRxiv 2021.11.22.469516; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.22.469516

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