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Time-sensitive prefrontal involvement in associating confidence with task performance illustrates metacognitive introspection in monkeys

View ORCID ProfileYudian Cai, Zhiyong Jin, Chenxi Zhai, Huimin Wang, View ORCID ProfileJijun Wang, View ORCID ProfileYingying Tang, View ORCID ProfileSze Chai Kwok
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.30.470665
Yudian Cai
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China
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Zhiyong Jin
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China
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Chenxi Zhai
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Huimin Wang
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
3NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
4Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China
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Jijun Wang
5Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
6CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, China
7Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
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Yingying Tang
5Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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  • For correspondence: sze-chai.kwok@st-hughs.oxon.org yytang0522@gmail.com
Sze Chai Kwok
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China
4Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China
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  • For correspondence: sze-chai.kwok@st-hughs.oxon.org yytang0522@gmail.com
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Abstract

Metacognition refers to the ability to be aware of one’s own cognition. Ample evidence indicates that metacognition in the human primate is highly dissociable from cognition, specialized across domains, and subserved by distinct neural substrates. However, these aspects remain relatively understudied in macaque monkeys. In the present study, we investigated the functionality of macaque metacognition by combining a confidence proxy, hierarchical Bayesian meta-d′ computational modelling, and a single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation technique. We found that Brodmann area 46d (BA46d) played a critical role in supporting metacognition independent of task performance; we also found that the critical role of this region in meta-calculation was time-sensitive. Additionally, we report that macaque metacognition is highly domain-specific with respect to memory and perception decisions. These findings carry implications for our understanding of metacognitive introspection within the primate lineage.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted December 29, 2021.
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Time-sensitive prefrontal involvement in associating confidence with task performance illustrates metacognitive introspection in monkeys
Yudian Cai, Zhiyong Jin, Chenxi Zhai, Huimin Wang, Jijun Wang, Yingying Tang, Sze Chai Kwok
bioRxiv 2021.11.30.470665; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.30.470665
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Time-sensitive prefrontal involvement in associating confidence with task performance illustrates metacognitive introspection in monkeys
Yudian Cai, Zhiyong Jin, Chenxi Zhai, Huimin Wang, Jijun Wang, Yingying Tang, Sze Chai Kwok
bioRxiv 2021.11.30.470665; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.11.30.470665

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