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A core salivary microbiome shows the high prevalence of bacterial members yet variability across human populations

View ORCID ProfileXinwei Ruan, View ORCID ProfileJiaqiang Luo, View ORCID ProfilePangzhen Zhang, View ORCID ProfileKate Howell
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.13.471511
Xinwei Ruan
1School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Jiaqiang Luo
1School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Pangzhen Zhang
1School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Kate Howell
1School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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  • For correspondence: khowell@unimelb.edu.au
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Abstract

Background Human saliva contains diverse bacterial communities, reflecting human health status, dietary patterns and contributing to variability in the sensory perception of food. Many descriptions of salivary microbiome diversity compare commonalities and differences with reference to a diseased state, but the composition of healthy saliva has not been described.

Results Here, we use a meta-analysis approach to define and explore the core membership of the human salivary microbial community by collecting and re-analysing raw 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data from 47 studies with 2206 saliva samples. We found 68 core bacterial taxa that were consistently detected. Differences induced by various host intrinsic and behaviour factors, including gender, age, geographic location, tobacco usage, and alcohol consumption, were evident. The core of the salivary microbiome was verified by collecting and analysing saliva in an independent study.

Conclusion These results suggest that the methods used can effectively define a core microbial community in human saliva with high prevalence. The core salivary microbiome demonstrated both stability and variability among populations. Geographic location was identified as the host factor with the largest effect in shaping salivary microbiota. The independent analysis underlined that the impact of geographic variation is likely due to diet.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license.
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Posted December 14, 2021.
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A core salivary microbiome shows the high prevalence of bacterial members yet variability across human populations
Xinwei Ruan, Jiaqiang Luo, Pangzhen Zhang, Kate Howell
bioRxiv 2021.12.13.471511; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.13.471511
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A core salivary microbiome shows the high prevalence of bacterial members yet variability across human populations
Xinwei Ruan, Jiaqiang Luo, Pangzhen Zhang, Kate Howell
bioRxiv 2021.12.13.471511; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.13.471511

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