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Class I DISARM provides anti-phage and anti-conjugation activity by unmethylated DNA recognition

View ORCID ProfileCristian Aparicio-Maldonado, View ORCID ProfileGal Ofir, Andrea Salini, View ORCID ProfileRotem Sorek, View ORCID ProfileFranklin L. Nobrega, View ORCID ProfileStan J.J. Brouns
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.28.474362
Cristian Aparicio-Maldonado
1Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629HZ, Netherlands
2Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629HZ, Netherlands
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  • ORCID record for Cristian Aparicio-Maldonado
Gal Ofir
3Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Andrea Salini
1Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629HZ, Netherlands
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Rotem Sorek
3Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Franklin L. Nobrega
4School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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  • For correspondence: stanbrouns@gmail.com F.Nobrega@soton.ac.uk
Stan J.J. Brouns
1Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629HZ, Netherlands
2Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629HZ, Netherlands
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  • For correspondence: stanbrouns@gmail.com F.Nobrega@soton.ac.uk
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ABSTRACT

Bacteriophages impose a strong evolutionary pressure on microbes for the development of mechanisms of survival. Multiple new mechanisms of innate defense have been described recently, with the molecular mechanism of most of them remaining uncharacterized. Here, we show that a Class 1 DISARM (defense island system associated with restriction-modification) system from Serratia sp. provides broad protection from double-stranded DNA phages, and drives a population of single-stranded phages to extinction. We identify that protection is not abolished by deletion of individual DISARM genes and that the absence of methylase genes drmMI and drmMII does not result in autoimmunity. In addition to antiphage activity we also observe that DISARM limits conjugation, and this activity is linked to the number of methylase cognate sites in the plasmid. Overall, we show that Class 1 DISARM provides robust anti-phage and anti-plasmid protection mediated primarily by drmA and drmB, which provide resistance to invading nucleic acids using a mechanism enhanced by the recognition of unmethylated cognate sites of the two methylases drmMI and drmMII.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted December 28, 2021.
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Class I DISARM provides anti-phage and anti-conjugation activity by unmethylated DNA recognition
Cristian Aparicio-Maldonado, Gal Ofir, Andrea Salini, Rotem Sorek, Franklin L. Nobrega, Stan J.J. Brouns
bioRxiv 2021.12.28.474362; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.28.474362
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Class I DISARM provides anti-phage and anti-conjugation activity by unmethylated DNA recognition
Cristian Aparicio-Maldonado, Gal Ofir, Andrea Salini, Rotem Sorek, Franklin L. Nobrega, Stan J.J. Brouns
bioRxiv 2021.12.28.474362; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.28.474362

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