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Effects of larval diet on the life-history traits and phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s.

Pierre Marie Sovegnon, Marie Joelle Fanou, Romaric Akoton, Oswald Yédjinnavênan Djihinto, Hamirath Odée Lagnika, Romuald Agonhossou, View ORCID ProfileLuc Salako Djogbénou
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.11.475801
Pierre Marie Sovegnon
1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
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Marie Joelle Fanou
1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
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Romaric Akoton
1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
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Oswald Yédjinnavênan Djihinto
1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
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Hamirath Odée Lagnika
1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
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Romuald Agonhossou
1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
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Luc Salako Djogbénou
1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
2Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin
3Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
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  • ORCID record for Luc Salako Djogbénou
  • For correspondence: ldjogbenou22002@yahoo.fr
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Abstract

The success achieved in reducing malaria transmission by vector control is threatened by insecticide resistance. To strengthen the current vector control programmes, the non-genetic factors underlying the emergence of insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors and its widespread need to be explored. This study aimed to assess the effects of larval diet on some life-history traits and pyrethroid-insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae s.s.

Three (3) An. gambiae strains, namely Kisumu (insecticide susceptible), AcerKis (homozygous ace-1RG119S resistant) and KisKdr (homozygous kdrRL1014F resistant) were fed with three different diets (low, medium, and high) of TetraMin® Baby fish food. Pre-imaginal developmental time, larval mortality, adult emergence rate and female wing length were measured. Mosquito females were exposed to insecticide-treated net (ITN) PermaNet 2.0 and PermaNet 3.0.

In the three An. gambiae strains, significant differences in adult emergence rates (F = 1054.2; df = 2; p <0.01), mosquito wing length (F = 970.5; df = 2; p <0.01) and adult survival post insecticide exposure (χ2= 173; df = 2; p <0.01), were noticed among the three larval diets. Larvae fed with the low food diets took more time to develop, were smaller at emergence and displayed a short lifespan, while the specimens fed with a high regime developed faster and into big adults. Although being fed with a high diet, none of An. gambiae strain harbouring the kdrR and ace-1R allele survived 24 hours after exposure against PermaNet 3.0.

This study showed that variation in the larval diet significantly impacts An. gambiae life-history traits such as larval mortality and developmental time, adult wing length, and female susceptibility to pyrethroid insecticides. Further investigations through field-based studies would allow an in-depth understanding of the implications of these non-genetic parameters on the physiological traits of malaria vectors and consequently improve resistance management.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 11, 2022.
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Effects of larval diet on the life-history traits and phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s.
Pierre Marie Sovegnon, Marie Joelle Fanou, Romaric Akoton, Oswald Yédjinnavênan Djihinto, Hamirath Odée Lagnika, Romuald Agonhossou, Luc Salako Djogbénou
bioRxiv 2022.01.11.475801; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.11.475801
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Effects of larval diet on the life-history traits and phenotypic expression of pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s.
Pierre Marie Sovegnon, Marie Joelle Fanou, Romaric Akoton, Oswald Yédjinnavênan Djihinto, Hamirath Odée Lagnika, Romuald Agonhossou, Luc Salako Djogbénou
bioRxiv 2022.01.11.475801; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.11.475801

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