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Parasitized or non-parasitized, why? A study of factors influencing tick burden in roe deer neonates

View ORCID ProfileLéa Bariod, Sonia Saïd, Clément Calenge, Stéphane Chabot, Vincent Badeau, Gilles Bourgoin
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.11.475805
Léa Bariod
1Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup - Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Vétérinaire, Marcy-L’Etoile, France
2Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
3Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction de la Recherche et de l’Appui Scientifique, Birieux, France
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  • For correspondence: bariod.lea@orange.fr
Sonia Saïd
3Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction de la Recherche et de l’Appui Scientifique, Birieux, France
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Clément Calenge
4Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction de la Recherche et de l’Appui Scientifique, Le Perray en Yvelines, France
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Stéphane Chabot
3Office Français de la Biodiversité, Direction de la Recherche et de l’Appui Scientifique, Birieux, France
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Vincent Badeau
5Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Champenoux, France
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Gilles Bourgoin
1Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup - Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Vétérinaire, Marcy-L’Etoile, France
2Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, Villeurbanne, France
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Abstract

Ixodes ricinus, the most common species of tick in Europe, is known to transmit major pathogens to animals and humans such as Babesia spp. or Borrelia spp.. Its abundance and distribution have been steadily increasing in Europe during recent decades, due to global environmental changes. Indeed, as ticks spend most of their life in the environment, their activity and life cycle are highly dependent on environmental conditions, and therefore on climate or habitat changes. Simultaneously, wild ungulates have expanded their range and increased dramatically in abundance worldwide, in particular roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), have allowed tick populations to grow and spread. Currently, tick infestation on newborn wild ungulates is poorly documented. However, newborn ungulates are considered more sensitive to tick bites and pathogen transmission because of their immature immune system. Thus, improving knowledge about the factors influencing tick infestation on newborns is essential to better understand their health risks. This study was conducted at Trois-Fontaines forest, Champagne-Ardenne, France (1992-2018). Based on a long-term monitoring of roe deer fawns, we used a novel Bayesian model of the infestation of fawns to identify which biotic or abiotic factors are likely to modify the level of infestation by ticks of 965 fawns over time. We show that tick burden increased faster during the first days of life of the fawns and became constant when fawns were 5 days old and more, which could be explained by the depletion of questing ticks or the turnover of ticks feeding on fawns. Moreover, the humidity, which favors tick activity, was weakly positively related to the tick burden. Our results demonstrate that tick infestation was highly variable among years, particularly between 2000 and 2009. We hypothesize that this results from a modification of habitat caused by hurricane Lothar.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 11, 2022.
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Parasitized or non-parasitized, why? A study of factors influencing tick burden in roe deer neonates
Léa Bariod, Sonia Saïd, Clément Calenge, Stéphane Chabot, Vincent Badeau, Gilles Bourgoin
bioRxiv 2022.01.11.475805; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.11.475805
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Parasitized or non-parasitized, why? A study of factors influencing tick burden in roe deer neonates
Léa Bariod, Sonia Saïd, Clément Calenge, Stéphane Chabot, Vincent Badeau, Gilles Bourgoin
bioRxiv 2022.01.11.475805; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.11.475805

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