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COVID-19 vaccine booster induces a strong CD8+ T cell response against Omicron variant epitopes in HLA-A*02:01+ individuals

Andrea T. Nguyen, Christopher Szeto, Demetra S.M. Chatzileontiadou, Zhen Wei Marcus Tong, Michael J. Dewar-Oldis, Lucy Cooper, Lawton D. Murdolo, Keng Yih Chew, Katie E. Lineburg, Alan Riboldi-Tunicliffe, Rachel Williamson, Bradley J. Gardiner, Dhilshan Jayasinghe, Christian A. Lobos, You Min Ahn, Emma J. Grant, Corey Smith, James McMahon, Kim L. Good-Jacobson, Peter J. Barnard, Kirsty R. Short, View ORCID ProfileStephanie Gras
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.12.473243
Andrea T. Nguyen
1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Christopher Szeto
1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Demetra S.M. Chatzileontiadou
1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Zhen Wei Marcus Tong
3School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia
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Michael J. Dewar-Oldis
1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Lucy Cooper
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
4Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Lawton D. Murdolo
1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Keng Yih Chew
5Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
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Katie E. Lineburg
6QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute - QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Alan Riboldi-Tunicliffe
7Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Rachel Williamson
7Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Bradley J. Gardiner
8Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Dhilshan Jayasinghe
1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Christian A. Lobos
1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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You Min Ahn
1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Emma J. Grant
1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Corey Smith
6QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute - QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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James McMahon
8Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
9Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Australia
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Kim L. Good-Jacobson
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
4Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Peter J. Barnard
1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kirsty R. Short
5Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
10Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Stephanie Gras
1Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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  • ORCID record for Stephanie Gras
  • For correspondence: S.Gras@latrobe.edu.au
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Abstract

The >30 mutated residues in the Omicron spike protein have led to its rapid classification as a new SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern. As a result, Omicron may escape from the immune system, decreasing the protection provided by COVID-19 vaccines. Preliminary data shows a weaker neutralizing antibody response to Omicron compared to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus, which can be increased after a booster vaccine. Here, we report that CD8+ T cells can recognize Omicron variant epitopes presented by HLA-A*02:01 in both COVID-19 recovered and vaccinated individuals, even 6 months after infection or vaccination. Additionally, the T cell response was stronger for Omicron variant epitopes after the vaccine booster. Altogether, T cells can recognize Omicron variants, especially in vaccinated individuals after the vaccine booster.

One-Sentence Summary CD8+ T cells response against Omicron variant epitopes is stronger after the vaccine booster.

Competing Interest Statement

K.R.S. is a consultant for Sanofi, Roche and NovoNordisk. The opinions and data presented in this manuscript are of the authors and are independent of these relationships.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted January 13, 2022.
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COVID-19 vaccine booster induces a strong CD8+ T cell response against Omicron variant epitopes in HLA-A*02:01+ individuals
Andrea T. Nguyen, Christopher Szeto, Demetra S.M. Chatzileontiadou, Zhen Wei Marcus Tong, Michael J. Dewar-Oldis, Lucy Cooper, Lawton D. Murdolo, Keng Yih Chew, Katie E. Lineburg, Alan Riboldi-Tunicliffe, Rachel Williamson, Bradley J. Gardiner, Dhilshan Jayasinghe, Christian A. Lobos, You Min Ahn, Emma J. Grant, Corey Smith, James McMahon, Kim L. Good-Jacobson, Peter J. Barnard, Kirsty R. Short, Stephanie Gras
bioRxiv 2022.01.12.473243; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.12.473243
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COVID-19 vaccine booster induces a strong CD8+ T cell response against Omicron variant epitopes in HLA-A*02:01+ individuals
Andrea T. Nguyen, Christopher Szeto, Demetra S.M. Chatzileontiadou, Zhen Wei Marcus Tong, Michael J. Dewar-Oldis, Lucy Cooper, Lawton D. Murdolo, Keng Yih Chew, Katie E. Lineburg, Alan Riboldi-Tunicliffe, Rachel Williamson, Bradley J. Gardiner, Dhilshan Jayasinghe, Christian A. Lobos, You Min Ahn, Emma J. Grant, Corey Smith, James McMahon, Kim L. Good-Jacobson, Peter J. Barnard, Kirsty R. Short, Stephanie Gras
bioRxiv 2022.01.12.473243; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.12.473243

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