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Population-specific association of Clock gene polymorphism with annual cycle timing in stonechats

Hannah Justen, Timo Hasselmann, Juan Carlos Illera, Kira Delmore, David Serrano, Heiner Flinks, Masayuki Senzaki, Kazuhiro Kawamura, Barbara Helm, View ORCID ProfileMiriam Liedvogel
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.15.476482
Hannah Justen
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, MPRG Behavioural Genomics, 24306 Plön, Germany
2Texas A&M University, 3528 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, US
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  • For correspondence: justen@bio.tamu.edu miriam.liedvogel@ifv-vogelwarte.de
Timo Hasselmann
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, MPRG Behavioural Genomics, 24306 Plön, Germany
3Department of Animal Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Juan Carlos Illera
4Biodiversity Research Institute (CSIC-Oviedo University-Principality of Asturias), Oviedo University, Spain
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Kira Delmore
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, MPRG Behavioural Genomics, 24306 Plön, Germany
2Texas A&M University, 3528 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, US
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David Serrano
5Department of Conservation Biology; Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC); Avda Américo Vespucio 26; 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Heiner Flinks
6Wagnerstr. 19, D-46354 Suedlohn, Germany
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Masayuki Senzaki
7Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kazuhiro Kawamura
8Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kitaku Kita 9 Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
9Department of Wildlife Biology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Matsunosato 1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
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Barbara Helm
10Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen University, The Netherlands
11Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
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Miriam Liedvogel
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, MPRG Behavioural Genomics, 24306 Plön, Germany
12Institute of Avian Research “Vogelwarte Helgoland”, 26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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  • ORCID record for Miriam Liedvogel
  • For correspondence: justen@bio.tamu.edu miriam.liedvogel@ifv-vogelwarte.de
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Abstract

Timing is essential for survival and reproduction of organisms across the tree of life. The core circadian clock gene Clk has been implicated in annual timing and shows highly conserved sequence homology across vertebrates except for one variable region of poly Glutamine repeats. Clk genotype varies in some species with latitude, seasonal timing and migration. However, findings are inconsistent, difficult to disentangle from environmental responses, and biased towards high latitudes. Here we combine field data with a common-garden set up to study associations of Clk with latitude, migration and annual-cycle timing within the stonechat species complex with trans-equatorial distribution range. Including 950 individuals from nine populations with diverse migratory strategies. Gene diversity was lowest in resident African and Canary Island populations and increased with latitude, independently of migration distance. Repeat length and annual-cycle timing was linked in a population-specific way. Specifically, equatorial African stonechats showed delayed timing with longer repeat length for all annual-cycle stages. Our data suggest that at low latitudes with constant photoperiod, Clk genotype might orchestrate a range of consistent, individual chronotypes. In contrast, the influence of Clk on annual-cycle timing at higher latitudes might be mediated by its interactions with genes involved in (circadian) photoperiodic pathways.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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Posted January 17, 2022.
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Population-specific association of Clock gene polymorphism with annual cycle timing in stonechats
Hannah Justen, Timo Hasselmann, Juan Carlos Illera, Kira Delmore, David Serrano, Heiner Flinks, Masayuki Senzaki, Kazuhiro Kawamura, Barbara Helm, Miriam Liedvogel
bioRxiv 2022.01.15.476482; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.15.476482
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Population-specific association of Clock gene polymorphism with annual cycle timing in stonechats
Hannah Justen, Timo Hasselmann, Juan Carlos Illera, Kira Delmore, David Serrano, Heiner Flinks, Masayuki Senzaki, Kazuhiro Kawamura, Barbara Helm, Miriam Liedvogel
bioRxiv 2022.01.15.476482; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.15.476482

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