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Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the human brain recorded with intracranial electrocorticography: First-in-human study

Jeffrey B. Wang, Joel E. Bruss, View ORCID ProfileHiroyuki Oya, Brandt D. Uitermarkt, Nicholas T. Trapp, Phillip E. Gander, Matthew A. Howard III, Corey J. Keller, Aaron D. Boes
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.18.476811
Jeffrey B. Wang
1Biophysics Graduate Program, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
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Joel E. Bruss
3Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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Hiroyuki Oya
4Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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  • ORCID record for Hiroyuki Oya
Brandt D. Uitermarkt
5Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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  • For correspondence: brandt-uitermarkt@uiowa.edu
Nicholas T. Trapp
3Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242
6Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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Phillip E. Gander
4Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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Matthew A. Howard III
4Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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Corey J. Keller
2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
7Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, and the Sierra Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Palo Alto, CA, 94305
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Aaron D. Boes
3Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242
5Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242
6Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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Abstract

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is increasingly used as a noninvasive technique for neuromodulation in research and clinical applications, yet its mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we present the first in-human study evaluating the effects of TMS using intracranial electrocorticography (iEEG) in neurosurgical patients. We first evaluated safety in a gel-based phantom. We then performed TMS-iEEG in 20 neurosurgical participants with no adverse events. Next, we evaluated brain-wide intracranial responses to single pulses of TMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) (N=10, 1414 electrodes). We demonstrate that TMS preferentially induces neuronal responses locally within the dlPFC at sites with higher electric field strength. Evoked responses were also noted downstream in the anterior cingulate and anterior insular cortex, regions functionally connected to the dlPFC. These findings support the safety and promise of TMS-iEEG in humans to examine local and network-level effects of TMS with higher spatiotemporal resolution than currently available methods.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests. CJK currently holds equity in Alto Neurosciences, Inc.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.
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Posted January 21, 2022.
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Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the human brain recorded with intracranial electrocorticography: First-in-human study
Jeffrey B. Wang, Joel E. Bruss, Hiroyuki Oya, Brandt D. Uitermarkt, Nicholas T. Trapp, Phillip E. Gander, Matthew A. Howard III, Corey J. Keller, Aaron D. Boes
bioRxiv 2022.01.18.476811; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.18.476811
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Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on the human brain recorded with intracranial electrocorticography: First-in-human study
Jeffrey B. Wang, Joel E. Bruss, Hiroyuki Oya, Brandt D. Uitermarkt, Nicholas T. Trapp, Phillip E. Gander, Matthew A. Howard III, Corey J. Keller, Aaron D. Boes
bioRxiv 2022.01.18.476811; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.18.476811

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