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Severe acute respiratory disease in American mink (Neovison vison) experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2

View ORCID ProfileDanielle R. Adney, View ORCID ProfileJamie Lovaglio, Jonathan E. Schulz, View ORCID ProfileClaude Kwe Yinda, Victoria A. Avanzato, Elaine Haddock, View ORCID ProfileJulia R. Port, View ORCID ProfileMyndi G. Holbrook, Patrick W. Hanley, View ORCID ProfileGreg Saturday, Dana Scott, View ORCID ProfileJessica R. Spengler, Cassandra Tansey, Caitlin M. Cossaboom, Natalie M. Wendling, Craig Martens, John Easley, Seng Wai Yap, View ORCID ProfileStephanie N. Seifert, View ORCID ProfileVincent J. Munster
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.20.477164
Danielle R. Adney
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
2Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Comparative Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
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  • ORCID record for Danielle R. Adney
Jamie Lovaglio
3Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
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Jonathan E. Schulz
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
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Claude Kwe Yinda
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
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Victoria A. Avanzato
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
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Elaine Haddock
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
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Julia R. Port
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
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Myndi G. Holbrook
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
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Patrick W. Hanley
2Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Comparative Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
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Greg Saturday
3Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
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Dana Scott
3Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
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Jessica R. Spengler
4Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Cassandra Tansey
4Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Caitlin M. Cossaboom
4Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Natalie M. Wendling
4Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Craig Martens
5Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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John Easley
6Mink Veterinary Consulting and Research Service, Glenbeulah, WI, United States
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Seng Wai Yap
7Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
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Stephanie N. Seifert
8Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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  • For correspondence: stephanie.seifert@wsu.edu vincent.munster@nih.gov
Vincent J. Munster
1Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
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  • ORCID record for Vincent J. Munster
  • For correspondence: stephanie.seifert@wsu.edu vincent.munster@nih.gov
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Abstract

An animal model that fully recapitulates severe COVID-19 presentation in humans has been a top priority since the discovery of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. Although multiple animal models are available for mild to moderate clinical disease, a non-transgenic model that develops severe acute respiratory disease has not been described. Mink experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed severe acute respiratory disease, as evident by clinical respiratory disease, radiological, and histological changes. Virus was detected in nasal, oral, rectal, and fur swabs. Deep sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 from oral swabs and lung tissue samples showed repeated enrichment for a mutation in the gene encoding for nonstructural protein 6 in open reading frame 1a/1ab. Together, these data indicate that American mink develop clinical features characteristic of severe COVID19 and as such, are uniquely suited to test viral countermeasures.

One Sentence Summary SARS-CoV-2 infected mink develop severe respiratory disease that recapitulates some components of severe acute respiratory disease, including ARDS.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. This article is a US Government work. It is not subject to copyright under 17 USC 105 and is also made available for use under a CC0 license.
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Posted January 24, 2022.
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Severe acute respiratory disease in American mink (Neovison vison) experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2
Danielle R. Adney, Jamie Lovaglio, Jonathan E. Schulz, Claude Kwe Yinda, Victoria A. Avanzato, Elaine Haddock, Julia R. Port, Myndi G. Holbrook, Patrick W. Hanley, Greg Saturday, Dana Scott, Jessica R. Spengler, Cassandra Tansey, Caitlin M. Cossaboom, Natalie M. Wendling, Craig Martens, John Easley, Seng Wai Yap, Stephanie N. Seifert, Vincent J. Munster
bioRxiv 2022.01.20.477164; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.20.477164
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Severe acute respiratory disease in American mink (Neovison vison) experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2
Danielle R. Adney, Jamie Lovaglio, Jonathan E. Schulz, Claude Kwe Yinda, Victoria A. Avanzato, Elaine Haddock, Julia R. Port, Myndi G. Holbrook, Patrick W. Hanley, Greg Saturday, Dana Scott, Jessica R. Spengler, Cassandra Tansey, Caitlin M. Cossaboom, Natalie M. Wendling, Craig Martens, John Easley, Seng Wai Yap, Stephanie N. Seifert, Vincent J. Munster
bioRxiv 2022.01.20.477164; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.20.477164

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