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Genomic signatures of hybridization on the neo-X chromosome of Rumex hastatulus

Felix EG Beaudry, Joanna L Rifkin, Amanda L Peake, Deanna Kim, Madeline Jarvis-Cross, Spencer CH Barrett, Stephen I Wright
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.10.479988
Felix EG Beaudry
1The University of Toronto, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2
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  • For correspondence: felix.beaudry@mail.utoronto.ca
Joanna L Rifkin
1The University of Toronto, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2
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Amanda L Peake
1The University of Toronto, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2
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Deanna Kim
1The University of Toronto, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2
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Madeline Jarvis-Cross
1The University of Toronto, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2
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Spencer CH Barrett
1The University of Toronto, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2
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Stephen I Wright
1The University of Toronto, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2
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ABSTRACT

Natural hybrid zones provide opportunities for studies of the evolution of reproductive isolation in wild populations. Although several recent investigations have found that the formation of neo-sex chromosomes is associated with reproductive isolation, the mechanisms remain unclear in most cases. Here, we assess the contemporary structure of gene flow in the contact zone between largely allopatric cytotypes of the dioecious plant Rumex hastatulus, a species in which there is evidence of sex chromosome turn-over. Males to the west of the Mississippi river, USA, have an X and a single Y chromosome, whereas populations to the east of the river have undergone a chromosomal rearrangement giving rise to a larger X and two Y chromosomes. Using reduced-representation sequencing, we provide evidence that hybrids form readily and survive multiple backcross generations in the field, demonstrating the potential for ongoing gene flow between the cytotypes. At the scale of chromosomes, cline analysis of each chromosome separately captured no signals of difference in cline shape between chromosomes. However, when comparing SNPs, principal component regression revealed a significant increase in the contribution of individual SNPs to inter-cytotype differentiation on the neo-X, but no correlation with recombination rate. Cline analysis revealed that the only SNPs with significantly shallower clines than the genome-average were located on the neo-X. Our data are consistent with a role for the neo-sex chromosome in reproductive isolation between R. hastatulus cytotypes. Our investigation highlights the importance of studying plant hybrid zones in species with sex chromosomes for understanding mechanisms of reproductive isolation and for understanding the role of gene flow in governing the spread of the neo-X chromosomes.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted February 10, 2022.
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Genomic signatures of hybridization on the neo-X chromosome of Rumex hastatulus
Felix EG Beaudry, Joanna L Rifkin, Amanda L Peake, Deanna Kim, Madeline Jarvis-Cross, Spencer CH Barrett, Stephen I Wright
bioRxiv 2022.02.10.479988; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.10.479988
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Genomic signatures of hybridization on the neo-X chromosome of Rumex hastatulus
Felix EG Beaudry, Joanna L Rifkin, Amanda L Peake, Deanna Kim, Madeline Jarvis-Cross, Spencer CH Barrett, Stephen I Wright
bioRxiv 2022.02.10.479988; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.10.479988

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