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Proprioceptive and visual feedback responses in macaques exploit goal redundancy

View ORCID ProfileKevin P. Cross, View ORCID ProfileHui Guang, View ORCID ProfileStephen H. Scott
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.11.480080
Kevin P. Cross
1Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
2Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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  • For correspondence: 13kc18@queensu.ca
Hui Guang
2Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Stephen H. Scott
2Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
3Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
4Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Abstract

A common problem in motor control concerns how to generate patterns of muscle activity when there are redundant solutions to attain a behavioural goal. Optimal feedback control is a theory that has guided many behavioural studies exploring how the motor system incorporates task redundancy. This theory predicts that kinematic errors that deviate the limb should not be corrected if one can still attain the behavioural goal. Several studies in humans demonstrate that the motor system can flexibly integrate visual and proprioceptive feedback of the limb with goal redundancy within 90ms and 70ms, respectively. Here we show monkeys (Macaca mulatta) demonstrate similar abilities to exploit goal redundancy. We trained four male monkeys to reach for a goal that was either a narrow square or a wide, spatially redundant rectangle. Monkeys exhibited greater trial-by-trial variability when reaching to the wide goal consistent with exploiting goal redundancy. On random trials we jumped the visual feedback of the hand and found monkeys corrected for the jump when reaching to the narrow goal and largely ignored the jump when reaching for the wide goal. In a separate set of experiments, we applied mechanical loads to the monkey’s arm and found similar corrective responses based on goal shape. Muscle activity reflecting these different corrective responses were detected for the visual and mechanical perturbations starting at ∼90 and ∼70ms, respectively. Thus, rapid motor responses in macaques can exploit goal redundancy similar to humans, creating a paradigm to study the neural basis of goal-directed motor action and motor redundancy.

Competing Interest Statement

SHS is co-founder and CSO of Kinarm which commercializes the robotic technology used in the present study.

Footnotes

  • Declaration of Interests SHS is co-founder and CSO of Kinarm which commercializes the robotic technology used in the present study.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted February 14, 2022.
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Proprioceptive and visual feedback responses in macaques exploit goal redundancy
Kevin P. Cross, Hui Guang, Stephen H. Scott
bioRxiv 2022.02.11.480080; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.11.480080
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Proprioceptive and visual feedback responses in macaques exploit goal redundancy
Kevin P. Cross, Hui Guang, Stephen H. Scott
bioRxiv 2022.02.11.480080; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.11.480080

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