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Integrating Fossil Flowers into the Angiosperm Phylogeny using a Total Evidence Approach

View ORCID ProfileAndrea M. López-Martínez, View ORCID ProfileJürg Schönenberger, Maria von Balthazar, César A. González-Martínez, View ORCID ProfileSantiago Ramírez-Barahona, View ORCID ProfileHervé Sauquet, View ORCID ProfileSusana Magallón
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.17.480913
Andrea M. López-Martínez
1Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito de Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
2Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito de Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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  • For correspondence: andreaea.lopez@gmail.com
Jürg Schönenberger
3Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna A-1030, Austria
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Maria von Balthazar
3Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna A-1030, Austria
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César A. González-Martínez
2Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito de Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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Santiago Ramírez-Barahona
2Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito de Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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Hervé Sauquet
4National Herbarium of New South Wales (NSW), Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
5Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Susana Magallón
2Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito de Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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ABSTRACT

Fossil flowers are essential to infer past angiosperm evolutionary processes. The assignment of fossil flowers to extant clades has traditionally relied on morphological similarity and on apomorphies shared with extant taxa. The use of explicit phylogenetic analyses to establish their affinity has so far remained limited. In this study, we built a comprehensive framework to investigate the phylogenetic placement of 24 exceptionally preserved fossil flowers. For this, we assembled a new species-level dataset of 30 floral traits for 1201 extant species that were sampled to represent the stem and crown nodes of all angiosperm families. We explored multiple analytical approaches to integrate the fossils into the phylogeny, including different phylogenetic estimation methods, topological-constrained analyses, and a total evidence approach combining molecular and morphological data of extant and fossil species. Our results were widely consistent across approaches, with minor differences in the support of fossils at different phylogenetic positions. The placement of some fossils is in agreement with previously suggested relationships, but for others, a new placement is indicated. We also identified fossils that are well constrained within particular extant families, whereas others showed high phylogenetic uncertainty. Finally, we present recommendations for future total evidence analyses, regarding the selection of fossils and appropriate methodologies, and provide some perspectives on how to integrate fossils into the investigation of divergence times and the temporal evolution of morphological traits.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted February 19, 2022.
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Integrating Fossil Flowers into the Angiosperm Phylogeny using a Total Evidence Approach
Andrea M. López-Martínez, Jürg Schönenberger, Maria von Balthazar, César A. González-Martínez, Santiago Ramírez-Barahona, Hervé Sauquet, Susana Magallón
bioRxiv 2022.02.17.480913; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.17.480913
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Integrating Fossil Flowers into the Angiosperm Phylogeny using a Total Evidence Approach
Andrea M. López-Martínez, Jürg Schönenberger, Maria von Balthazar, César A. González-Martínez, Santiago Ramírez-Barahona, Hervé Sauquet, Susana Magallón
bioRxiv 2022.02.17.480913; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.17.480913

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