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Rhythm of relationships in a social fish over the course of a full year in the wild

View ORCID ProfileUlf Aslak, View ORCID ProfileChristopher T. Monk, View ORCID ProfileDirk Brockmann, View ORCID ProfileRobert Arlinghaus
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.11.483964
Ulf Aslak
1Centre for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1353 København K and DTU Compute, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby
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  • For correspondence: ulfaslak@gmail.com
Christopher T. Monk
2Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
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Dirk Brockmann
3Robert Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
4Institute for Theoretical Biology and Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Robert Arlinghaus
2Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
5Faculty of Life Sciences and Integrative Research Institute for the Transformation of Human-Environmental Systems, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
6Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract

Animals are expected to adjust their social behaviour to cope with challenges in their environment. Therefore, for fish populations, in temperate regions with seasonal and daily environmental oscillations, characteristic rhythms of social relationships should be pronounced. To date, most research concerning fish social networks and biorhythms has occurred in artificial laboratory environments or over confined temporal scales of days to weeks. By contrast, little is known about the social networks of wild, freely roaming fish, including how seasonal and diurnal rhythms modulate social networks over the course of a full year. The advent of high-resolution acoustic telemetry enables us to quantify detailed social interactions in the wild over time-scales sufficient to examine seasonal rhythms at whole-ecosystems scales. Our objective was to explore the rhythms of social interactions in a social fish population at various time-scales over one full year in the wild by examining high-resolution snapshots of dynamic social network. To that end, we tracked the behaviour of 36 adult common carp, Cyprinus carpio, in a 25 ha lake and constructed temporal social networks among individuals across various time-scales, where social interactions were defined by proximity. We compared the network structure to a temporally shuffled null model to examine the importance of social attraction, and checked for persistent characteristic groups (“friendships”) over time. The clustering within the carp social network tended to be more pronounced during daytime than nighttime throughout the year. Social attraction, particularly during daytime, was a key driver for interactions. Shoaling behavior substantially increased during daytime in the wintertime, whereas in summer carp interacted less frequently, but the interaction duration increased. Characteristic groups were more common in the summer months and during nighttime, where the social memory of carp lasted up to two weeks. We conclude that social relationships of carp change diurnally and seasonally. These patterns were likely driven by predator avoidance, seasonal shifts in lake temperature, visibility, forage availability and the presence of anoxic zones. The techniques we employed can be applied generally to high-resolution biotelemetry data to reveal social structures across other fish species at ecologically realistic scales.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 14, 2022.
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Rhythm of relationships in a social fish over the course of a full year in the wild
Ulf Aslak, Christopher T. Monk, Dirk Brockmann, Robert Arlinghaus
bioRxiv 2022.03.11.483964; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.11.483964
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Rhythm of relationships in a social fish over the course of a full year in the wild
Ulf Aslak, Christopher T. Monk, Dirk Brockmann, Robert Arlinghaus
bioRxiv 2022.03.11.483964; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.11.483964

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