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Positive selection of senescence through increased evolvability: ageing is not a by-product of evolution

T. Roget, P. Jolivet, S. Méléard, View ORCID ProfileM. Rera
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.11.483978
T. Roget
1Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck (IMAG), Université de Montpellier, France
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P. Jolivet
2IRIT-APO - Algorithmes Parallèles et Optimisation - Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse, France
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S. Méléard
3Institut Universitaire de France et École Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 91 128 Palaiseau, France
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M. Rera
4Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, INSERM UMR U1284, 75004 Paris, France
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  • ORCID record for M. Rera
  • For correspondence: michael.rera@cri-paris.org
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Abstract

The possibility of ageing being directly selected through evolution has been discussed for the past hundred years. As ageing is occurring, by definition, only late in life - i.e. after the organismal development is finalized -, many think that it cannot be actively selected for as a process. In addition, by decreasing an individual’s fitness, it is thought unlikely to be selected for. In order to explain the observation of its broad presence in the realm of life, numerous theories have been proposed in the past 75 years, in agreement with this view.

Here, building upon a simple life-history trait model that we recently introduced and that summarizes the life of an organism to its two core abilities - reproduce and thrive -, we discuss the possibility of ageing being selected for through evolution.

Our model suggests that senescence can be positively selected through evolution thanks to the higher evolvability it confers to organisms, not through a given mechanism but through a function “ageing”, limiting organismal maintenance and ability to reproduce. It provides an elegant explanation for the apparent tradeoff between longevity and fertility that led to the disposable soma theory without requiring an energy tradeoff while confirming the substrate for mutation accumulation and antagonistic pleiotropy theories. In addition, it predicts that the Lansing effect should be present in organisms showing rapid post-reproductive senescence. This formal and numerical modeling of ageing evolution also provides new hints to test the validity of existing theories.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • https://github.com/MichaelRera/EvoAgeing

  • ↵1 Note that notation log will always mean Neperian logarithm

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted March 14, 2022.
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Positive selection of senescence through increased evolvability: ageing is not a by-product of evolution
T. Roget, P. Jolivet, S. Méléard, M. Rera
bioRxiv 2022.03.11.483978; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.11.483978
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Positive selection of senescence through increased evolvability: ageing is not a by-product of evolution
T. Roget, P. Jolivet, S. Méléard, M. Rera
bioRxiv 2022.03.11.483978; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.11.483978

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