ABSTRACT
Brain and Muscle Arnt-like Protein 1 (BMAL1) is an essential component of the molecular clock underlying circadian rhythmicity. Recently, its function has also been associated with alterations in mood, and reward processing. We investigated the behavioural and neurobiological impact of Bmal1 gene deletion in mice, as well as how these alterations affect rewarding effects of cocaine. Additionally, key clock genes and components of the dopamine system were assessed in several brain areas. Our results evidence behavioural alterations in Bmal1-KO mice including changes in locomotor activity with impaired habituation to environments as well as short term memory and social recognition impairments. In addition, Bmal1-KO mice experienced reduced cocaine-induced sensitization and rewarding effects of cocaine as well as reduced cocaine-seeking behaviour. Furthermore, Bmal1 deletion influenced the expression of other clock-related genes in the mPFC and striatum as well as alterations in the expression of dopaminergic elements. Overall, the present article offers a novel and extensive characterization of Bmal1-KO animals. We suggest that reduced cocaine’s rewarding effects in these mutant mice might be related to Bmal1 role as an expression regulator of MAO and TH, two essential enzymes involved in dopamine metabolism.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Footnotes
Declaration of interest: none
ABBREVIATIONS
- SCN
- suprachiasmatic nucleus
- KO
- Knockout
- WT
- wild type
- TH
- tyrosine hydroxylase
- MAO-A
- monoamine oxidase A
- MAO-B
- monoamine oxidase B
- D2R
- dopamine receptors 2
- D3R
- dopamine receptors 3
- STR
- striatum
- NPAS2
- neuronal PAS domain protein 2
- CPP
- conditioned place preference
- NOR
- novel object recognition
- SA
- self-administration
- mPFC
- medial prefrontal cortex
- GluA1
- AMPA receptor subunit 1
- GluR2
- AMPA receptor subunit 2
- DAT
- dopamine transporter
- PD
- postnatal day
