1. Abstract
Premature cardiac myocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) show heterogeneous action potentials (APs), most probably because of different expression patterns of membrane ionic currents. We aim to develop a method of determining expression patterns of functional channels in terms of the whole-cell ionic conductances (Gx) using individual spontaneous AP configurations. However, it has been suggested that apparently identical AP configurations were obtained by different sets of ionic currents in a mathematical model of cardiac membrane excitation. If so, the inverse problem of Gx estimation might not be solved. We computationally tested the feasibility of the gradient-based optimization method. For realistic examination, conventional ‘cell-specific models’ were prepared by superimposing the model output of AP on each experimental AP record by the conventional manual adjustment of Gxs of the baseline model. Then, Gxs of 4 ~ 6 major ionic currents of the ‘cell-specific models’ were randomized within a range of ±5 ~ 15% and were used as initial parameter sets for the gradient-based automatic Gxs recovery by decreasing the mean square error (MSE) between the target and model output. When plotted all data points of MSE - Gx relation during the optimization, we found that the randomized population of Gxs progressively converged to the original value of the cell-specific model with decreasing MSE. To confirm the absence of any other local minimum in the global search space, we mapped the MSE by randomizing Gxs over a range of 0.1 ~ 10 times the control. No additional local minimum of MSE was obvious in the whole parameter space besides the global minimum of MSE at the default model parameter.
Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
Footnotes
small revision to correct mistakes.
Abbreviations
- hiPSC-CMs
- human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
- AP
- action potential
- MDP
- the maximum diastolic potential
- SDD
- slow diastolic depolarization
- Im
- membrane current
- Vm
- membrane voltage
- orp
- optimization of randomized model parameters
- PS
- pattern search method
- BP
- base point for searching minimum MSE in the Pattern Search
- NP
- searching point in reference to BP in the Pattern Search
- MSE
- mean square error between two different Vm records
- stp
- step size to move NP
- x
- subscript to represent membrane current such as INa, ICaL, IK1, Iha, IKr, IKur, IKs and IbNSC