Abstract
Infection by SARS-CoV-2 leads to diverse symptoms, which can persist for months. While antiviral antibodies are protective, those targeting interferons and other immune factors are associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes. Instead, we discovered that antibodies against specific chemokines are omnipresent after COVID-19, associated with favorable disease, and predictive of lack of long COVID symptoms at one year post infection. Anti-chemokine antibodies are present also in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune disorders, but they target different chemokines than those in COVID-19. Monoclonal antibodies derived from COVID- 19 convalescents that bind to the chemokine N-loop impair cell migration. Given the role of chemokines in orchestrating immune cell trafficking, naturally arising anti-chemokine antibodies associated with favorable COVID-19 may be beneficial by modulating the inflammatory response and thus bear therapeutic potential.
One-Sentence Summary: Naturally arising anti-chemokine antibodies associate with favorable COVID-19 and predict lack of long COVID.
Competing Interest Statement
The Institute for Research in Biomedicine has filed a provisional patent application in connection with this work on which JMu, VCe, ACa, MUg and DFR are inventors.
Footnotes
The manuscript has been revised.
