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Phenotypic stasis with genetic divergence

François Mallard, Luke Noble, Thiago Guzella, Bruno Afonso, Charles F. Baer, Henrique Teotónio
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.28.493856
François Mallard
1Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197, Inserm U1024, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
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  • For correspondence: mallard@bio.ens.psl.eu teotonio@bio.ens.psl.eu
Luke Noble
1Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197, Inserm U1024, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
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Thiago Guzella
1Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197, Inserm U1024, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
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Bruno Afonso
1Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197, Inserm U1024, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
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Charles F. Baer
2Department of Biology, University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611, U.S.A.
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Henrique Teotónio
1Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197, Inserm U1024, PSL Research University, F-75005 Paris, France
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  • For correspondence: mallard@bio.ens.psl.eu teotonio@bio.ens.psl.eu
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1 Abstract

Whether or not genetic divergence on the short-term of tens to hundreds of generations is compatible with phenotypic stasis remains a relatively unexplored problem. We evolved predominantly outcrossing, genetically diverse populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans under a constant and homogeneous environment for 240 generations, and followed individual locomotion behavior. We find that although founders of lab populations show highly diverse locomotion behavior, during lab evolution the component traits of locomotion behavior – defined as the transition rates in activity and direction – did not show divergence from the ancestral population. In contrast, the genetic (co)variance structure of transition rates showed marked divergence from the ancestral state and differentiation among replicate populations during the final 100 generations and after most adaptation had been achieved. We observe that genetic differentiation is a transient pattern during the loss of genetic variance along phenotypic dimensions under drift during the last 100 generations of lab evolution. However, loss of genetic variances present in the founders may be due to directional selection. These results suggest that once adaptation has occurred, and on the short-term of tens of generations, stasis of locomotion behaviour is repeatable because of effective stabilizing selection at a large phenotypic scale, while the genetic structuring of component traits is contingent upon drift history at a local phenotypic scale.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • https://github.com/ExpEvolWormLab/Mallard_Stasis

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted May 29, 2022.
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Phenotypic stasis with genetic divergence
François Mallard, Luke Noble, Thiago Guzella, Bruno Afonso, Charles F. Baer, Henrique Teotónio
bioRxiv 2022.05.28.493856; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.28.493856
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Phenotypic stasis with genetic divergence
François Mallard, Luke Noble, Thiago Guzella, Bruno Afonso, Charles F. Baer, Henrique Teotónio
bioRxiv 2022.05.28.493856; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.28.493856

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