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Fine temporal brain network structure modularizes and localizes differently in men and women: Insights from a novel explainability framework

View ORCID ProfileNoah Lewis, View ORCID ProfileRobyn Miller, Harshvardhan Gazula, View ORCID ProfileVince Calhoun
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.09.495551
Noah Lewis
1Georgia Tech
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  • For correspondence: lhd231@gmail.com
Robyn Miller
2Georgia State University
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Harshvardhan Gazula
3Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging
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Vince Calhoun
2Georgia State University
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Abstract

Deep learning has become an effective tool for classifying biological sex based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), but research on what features within the brain are most relevant to this classification is still lacking. Model interpretability has become a powerful way to understand “black box” deep-learning models and select features within the input data that are most relevant to the correct classification. However, very little work has been done employing these methods to understand the relationship between the temporal dimension of functional imaging signals and classification of biological sex, nor has there been attention paid to rectifying problems and limitations associated with feature explanation models, e.g. underspecification and instability. We provide a methodology to limit the impact of underspecification on the stability of the measured feature importance, and then, using intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) from fMRI data, we provide a deep exploration of sex differences among functional brain networks. We report numerous conclusions, including activity differences in the visual and cognitive domains, as well as major connectivity differences.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted June 12, 2022.
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Fine temporal brain network structure modularizes and localizes differently in men and women: Insights from a novel explainability framework
Noah Lewis, Robyn Miller, Harshvardhan Gazula, Vince Calhoun
bioRxiv 2022.06.09.495551; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.09.495551
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Fine temporal brain network structure modularizes and localizes differently in men and women: Insights from a novel explainability framework
Noah Lewis, Robyn Miller, Harshvardhan Gazula, Vince Calhoun
bioRxiv 2022.06.09.495551; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.09.495551

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