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Between fishing and farming: palaeogenomic analyses reveal cross-cultural interactions triggered by the arrival of the Neolithic in the Danube Gorges

View ORCID ProfileZuzana Hofmanová, View ORCID ProfileCarlos S. Reyna-Blanco, Camille de Becdelièvre, Ilektra Schulz, Jens Blöcher, Jelena Jovanović, Laura Winkelbach, Sylwia M. Figarska, Anna Schulz, Marko Porčić, Petr Květina, Alexandros Tsoupas, Mathias Currat, Alexandra Buzhilova, Fokke Gerritsen, Necmi Karul, George McGlynn, Jörg Orschiedt, Rana Özbal, Joris Peters, Bogdan Ridush, Thomas Terberger, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Gunita Zariņa, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Sofija Stefanović, Joachim Burger, View ORCID ProfileDaniel Wegmann
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.24.497512
Zuzana Hofmanová
1Department of Biology, University of Fribourg; 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
2Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
3Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; 04103 Leipzig, Germany
4Department of Archaeology and Museology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University; 60177 Brno, Czech Republic
5Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Carlos S. Reyna-Blanco
1Department of Biology, University of Fribourg; 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
2Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Camille de Becdelièvre
6Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
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Ilektra Schulz
1Department of Biology, University of Fribourg; 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
2Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
5Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Jens Blöcher
5Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Jelena Jovanović
7BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Zorana Đinđića 1; 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Laura Winkelbach
5Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Sylwia M. Figarska
5Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Anna Schulz
8Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures, Cluster of Excellence Understanding Written Artefacts, Hamburg University; 20354 Hamburg, Germany
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Marko Porčić
7BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Zorana Đinđića 1; 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
9Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade; Čika Ljubina 18-20, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Petr Květina
10Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences; Prague, Czechia
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Alexandros Tsoupas
11Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva; Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Mathias Currat
11Laboratory of Anthropology, Genetics and Peopling History, Department of Genetics and Evolution - Anthropology Unit, University of Geneva; Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
12Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (IGE3), University of Geneva Medical Centre (CMU); 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Alexandra Buzhilova
13Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology at Moscow State University; Mokhovaya Street 11, 125009 Moscow, Russia
14Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography; Prospekt Lavrentieva 17, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Fokke Gerritsen
15Netherlands Institute in Turkey; İstiklal Caddesi 181, Merkez Han, 34433 Beyoğlu/İstanbul, Turkey
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Necmi Karul
16Department of Prehistory, İstanbul University; 34434 Istanbul, Turkey
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George McGlynn
17SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy; Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 Munich, Germany
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Jörg Orschiedt
18Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 23-25; 14195 Berlin, Germany
19Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt, Richard-Wagner-Straße 9; 06114 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Rana Özbal
20Department of Archaeology and History of Art, Koç University; 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
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Joris Peters
17SNSB, State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy; Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 Munich, Germany
21Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich; 80539 Munich, Germany
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Bogdan Ridush
22Department of Physical Geography, Geomorphology and Paleogeography, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University; Kotsubynskogo 2, 58012 Chernivtsi, Ukraine
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Thomas Terberger
23Seminar for Pre- and Protohistory, University of Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 15, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Maria Teschler-Nicola
24Department of Anthropology, Natural History Museum of Vienna; 1010 Vienna, Austria
25Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna; 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Gunita Zariņa
26Institute of History, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Andrea Zeeb-Lanz
27Generaldirektion Kulturelles Erbe Rheinland-Pfalz; 67346 Speyer, Germany
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Sofija Stefanović
9Laboratory for Bioarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade; Čika Ljubina 18-20, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Joachim Burger
5Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; 55099 Mainz, Germany
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  • For correspondence: daniel.wegmann@unifr.ch jburger@uni-mainz.de zuzana_hofmanova@eva.mpg.de
Daniel Wegmann
1Department of Biology, University of Fribourg; 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
2Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics; 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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  • For correspondence: daniel.wegmann@unifr.ch jburger@uni-mainz.de zuzana_hofmanova@eva.mpg.de
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Summary

While early Neolithic populations in Europe were largely descended from early Aegean farmers, there is also evidence of episodic gene flow from local Mesolithic hunter-gatherers into early Neolithic communities. Exactly how and where this occurred is still unknown. Here we report direct evidence for admixture between the two groups at the Danube Gorges in Serbia. Analysis of palaeogenomes recovered from skeletons revealed that second-generation mixed individuals were buried amidst individuals whose ancestry was either exclusively Aegean Neolithic or exclusively local Mesolithic. The mixed ancestry is also reflected in a corresponding mosaic of grave goods. With its deep sequence of occupation and its unique dwellings that suggest at least semi-sedentary occupation since the late Mesolithic, the area of the Danube Gorges has been at the center of the debate about the contribution of Mesolithic societies to the Neolithisation of Europe. As suggested by our data, which were processed exclusively with uncertainty-aware bioinformatic tools, it may have been precisely in such contexts that close interactions between these societies were established, and Mesolithic ancestry and cultural elements were assimilated.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Footnotes

  • ↵29 Senior authors.

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Between fishing and farming: palaeogenomic analyses reveal cross-cultural interactions triggered by the arrival of the Neolithic in the Danube Gorges
Zuzana Hofmanová, Carlos S. Reyna-Blanco, Camille de Becdelièvre, Ilektra Schulz, Jens Blöcher, Jelena Jovanović, Laura Winkelbach, Sylwia M. Figarska, Anna Schulz, Marko Porčić, Petr Květina, Alexandros Tsoupas, Mathias Currat, Alexandra Buzhilova, Fokke Gerritsen, Necmi Karul, George McGlynn, Jörg Orschiedt, Rana Özbal, Joris Peters, Bogdan Ridush, Thomas Terberger, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Gunita Zariņa, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Sofija Stefanović, Joachim Burger, Daniel Wegmann
bioRxiv 2022.06.24.497512; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.24.497512
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Between fishing and farming: palaeogenomic analyses reveal cross-cultural interactions triggered by the arrival of the Neolithic in the Danube Gorges
Zuzana Hofmanová, Carlos S. Reyna-Blanco, Camille de Becdelièvre, Ilektra Schulz, Jens Blöcher, Jelena Jovanović, Laura Winkelbach, Sylwia M. Figarska, Anna Schulz, Marko Porčić, Petr Květina, Alexandros Tsoupas, Mathias Currat, Alexandra Buzhilova, Fokke Gerritsen, Necmi Karul, George McGlynn, Jörg Orschiedt, Rana Özbal, Joris Peters, Bogdan Ridush, Thomas Terberger, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Gunita Zariņa, Andrea Zeeb-Lanz, Sofija Stefanović, Joachim Burger, Daniel Wegmann
bioRxiv 2022.06.24.497512; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.24.497512

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