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Towards solving the conundrum of plasmid mobility: networks of functional dependencies shape plasmid transfer

View ORCID ProfileManuel Ares-Arroyo, View ORCID ProfileCharles Coluzzi, View ORCID ProfileEduardo P.C. Rocha
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.04.498229
Manuel Ares-Arroyo
Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, France
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  • For correspondence: manuel.ares-arroyo@pasteur.fr eduardo.rocha@pasteur.fr
Charles Coluzzi
Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, France
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Eduardo P.C. Rocha
Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3525, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, France
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  • ORCID record for Eduardo P.C. Rocha
  • For correspondence: manuel.ares-arroyo@pasteur.fr eduardo.rocha@pasteur.fr
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Abstract

Plasmids are key drivers of bacterial evolution by transferring genes between cells via conjugation. Yet, half of the plasmids lack all protein coding genes for this process. We searched to solve this conundrum by identifying conjugative origins of transfer over thousands of plasmids and chromosomes of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. We found that plasmids carrying these sequences are very abundant and have the highest densities of antimicrobial resistance genes. They are hyper-parasites that directly hijack conjugative or mobilizable elements, but not both. These functional dependencies explain the co-occurrence of each type of plasmid in cells and illuminate the evolutionary relationships between the elements. We characterized systematically the genetic traits of plasmids in relation to conjugation and alternative mechanisms of transfer, and can now propose a confident putative mechanism of transfer for ca. 90% of them. The few exceptions could be passively mobilized by other processes. We conclude there is no conundrum concerning plasmid mobility.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

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The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted July 04, 2022.
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Towards solving the conundrum of plasmid mobility: networks of functional dependencies shape plasmid transfer
Manuel Ares-Arroyo, Charles Coluzzi, Eduardo P.C. Rocha
bioRxiv 2022.07.04.498229; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.04.498229
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Towards solving the conundrum of plasmid mobility: networks of functional dependencies shape plasmid transfer
Manuel Ares-Arroyo, Charles Coluzzi, Eduardo P.C. Rocha
bioRxiv 2022.07.04.498229; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.04.498229

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