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Disruption of flour beetle microbiota limits experimentally evolved immune priming response, but not pathogen resistance

View ORCID ProfileArun Prakash, Deepa Agashe, View ORCID ProfileImroze Khan
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.11.499528
Arun Prakash
1National Centre for Biological Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560065
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Deepa Agashe
1National Centre for Biological Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 560065
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Imroze Khan
2Ashoka University Plot No. 2, Rajiv Gandhi Education City Sonepat, Rai, Haryana, India 131029
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  • For correspondence: imroze.khan@ashoka.edu.in
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ABSTRACT

Host-associated microbiota play a fundamental role in the training and induction of different forms of immunity, including inducible as well as constitutive components. However, direct experiments analysing the relative importance of microbiota during evolution of different immune functions are missing. We addressed this gap by using experimentally evolved lines of Tribolium castaneum that either produced inducible immune memory-like responses (immune priming) or constitutively expressed basal resistance (without priming), as mutually exclusive strategies against Bacillus thuringiensis infection. We disrupted the microbial communities in these evolved lines and estimated the impact on the beetle’s ability to mount a priming response vs basal resistance. Populations that had evolved immune priming lost the ability to mount a priming response upon microbiota disruption. Microbiota manipulation also caused a drastic reduction in their reproductive output and post-infection longevity. In contrast, in pathogen-resistant beetles, microbiota manipulation did not affect post-infection survival or reproduction. The divergent evolution of immune responses across beetle lineages was thus associated with divergent reliance on the microbiome. Whether the latter is a direct outcome of differential pathogen exposure during selection or reflects evolved immune functions remains unclear. We hope that our results will motivate further experiments to understand the mechanistic basis of these complex evolutionary associations between microbiota, host immune strategies, and fitness outcomes.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Copyright 
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-ND 4.0 International license.
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Posted July 12, 2022.
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Disruption of flour beetle microbiota limits experimentally evolved immune priming response, but not pathogen resistance
Arun Prakash, Deepa Agashe, Imroze Khan
bioRxiv 2022.07.11.499528; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.11.499528
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Disruption of flour beetle microbiota limits experimentally evolved immune priming response, but not pathogen resistance
Arun Prakash, Deepa Agashe, Imroze Khan
bioRxiv 2022.07.11.499528; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.11.499528

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